Factors affecting the direct mineralization of CO2 with olivine

Olivine, one of the most abundant minerals existing in nature, is explored as a CO2 carbonation agent for direct carbonation of CO2 in flue gas. Olivine based CO2 capture is thermodynamically favorable and can form a stable carbonate for long-term storage. Experimental results have shown that water vapor plays an important role in improving CO2 carbonation rate and capacities. Other operation conditions including reaction temperature, initial CO2 concentration, residence time corresponding to the flow rate of CO2 gas stream, and water vapor concentration also considerably affect the performance of the technology.     

粉煤灰、电石渣及其配合物碳酸化特性

为了促进粉煤灰和电石渣建材化高效利用和协同矿化CO2减排,研究了粉煤灰、电石渣及其配合物的碳酸化特性。实验采用pH在线测试方法分别对粉煤灰、电石渣以及两者配合物的碳酸化过程的pH进行在线测试,并对原料和产物进行XRD、TGA和SEM表征。结果表明：相同条件下,粉煤灰碳酸化浆液pH降到7.0的平均速度约为电石渣的51倍;与等量电石渣单独碳酸化相比,粉煤灰与电石渣按照4:1（质量比）复配碳酸化pH降低到7.0的速度较纯电石渣提高了近5.6倍,且在相同电石渣配量的条件下,粉煤灰-电石渣复配料比碳酸钙-电石渣复配料的碳酸化反应完成时间缩短了31.6%,说明电石渣与粉煤灰复配后进行碳酸化反应具有明显协同促进作用。TGA分析表明,纯粉煤灰和纯电石渣的固碳率分别约为2%和61.3%,粉煤灰与电石渣复配料的固碳率较等量单一电石渣和粉煤灰的固碳率之和的计算值提高了19.6%。SEM分析表明,粉煤灰与电石渣复配料碳酸化产物碳酸钙颗粒在粉煤灰表面呈现异位分散附着形态,而单一电石渣碳酸化产物碳酸钙则在电石渣颗粒表面呈现原位聚集附着形态。这可能是复配料固碳率提高的主要原因。     

Two-step accelerated mineral carbonation and decomposition analysis for the reduction of CO2 emission in the eco-industrial parks

Carbon dioxide（CO2） emissions are a leading contributor to the negative effects of global warming. Globally, research has focused on effective means of reducing and mitigating CO2 emissions. In this study, we examined the efficacy of eco-industrial parks（EIPs） and accelerated mineral carbonation techniques in reducing CO2 emissions in South Korea.First, we used Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index（LMDI） analysis to determine the trends in carbon production and mitigation at the existing EIPs. We found that, although CO2 was generated as byproducts and wastes of production at these EIPs, improved energy intensity effects occurred at all EIPs, and we strongly believe that EIPs are a strong alternative to traditional industrial complexes for reducing net carbon emissions. We also examined the optimal conditions for using accelerated mineral carbonation to dispose of hazardous fly ash produced through the incineration of municipal solid wastes at these EIPs. We determined that this technique most efficiently sequestered CO2 when micro-bubbling, low flow rate inlet gas, and ammonia additives were employed.     

Iron and lead ion adsorption by microbial flocculants in synthetic wastewater and their related carbonate formation

Although microbial treatments of heavy metal ions in wastewater have been studied, the removal of these metals through incorporation into carbonate minerals has rarely been reported. To investigate the removal of Fe^3＋ and Pb^2＋, two representative metals in wastewater, through the precipitation of carbonate minerals by a microbial flocculant （MBF） produced by Bacillus mucilaginosus. MBF was added to synthetic wastewater containing different Fe^3＋ and Pb^2＋ concentrations, and the extent of flocculation was analyzed. CO2 was bubbled into the mixture of MBF and Fe^3＋/Pb^2＋ to initiate the reaction. The solid substrates were analyzed via X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results showed that the removal efficiency decreased and the MBF adsorption capacity for metals increased with increasing heavy metal concentration. In the system containing MBF, metals （Fe^3＋ and Pb^2＋）, and CO2, the concentrated metals adsorbed onto the MBF combined with the dissolved CO2, resulting in oversaturation of metal carbonate minerals to form iron carbonate and lead carbonates. These results may be used in designing a method in which microbes can be utilized to combine CO2 with wastewater heavy metals to form carbonates, with the aim of mitigating environmental problems.     

Ca(OH)2解吸并固定混合吸收液中CO2的实验研究

CO₂化学吸收法分离纯度高,技术成熟,但能耗过高及成本是困扰该技术发展的瓶颈.在常压条件下对利用Ca（OH）₂直接矿物碳酸化固定MDEA/PZ混合吸收富液中CO₂进行了一系列实验研究,考察了吸收液负荷、Ca（OH）₂投加量、pH、温度及搅拌速率等因素对解吸率的影响,并利用动态吸收-解吸循环实验研究了其CO₂吸收性能和循环使用稳定性,最后对碳酸化反应产物进行了XRD、TEM分析.结果表明,在常压条件下,Ca（OH）₂可以通过液相直接矿物碳酸化对CO₂进行直接固定,并实现吸收富液的再生;随着负荷的升高及Ca（OH）₂投加量、pH、搅拌速率的增大,解吸率随之增加;随着溶液温度升高,解吸率下降;经过5次动态吸收-解吸循环实验后CO₂吸收量可以达到并保持在0.57 mol·L^-1,显示出了良好的循环稳定性.     

冻融-碳化耦合环境下自燃煤矸石混凝土耐久性实验研究

为研究冻融-碳化耦合环境下自燃煤矸石混凝土耐久性能,通过冻融-碳化与碳化-冻融2种耦合环境实验,分析其质量、动弹性模量、抗压强度及碳化深度等损失特性,揭示冻融-碳化耦合环境作用机理。结果表明:冻融-碳化环境下质量、相对动弹性模量损失率均与循环次数、水灰比呈正相关;小于63次,碳化-冻融环境劣化其质量能力强于冻融-碳化环境;超过63次,冻融-碳化环境劣化能力强于碳化-冻融环境;冻融-碳化环境劣化动弹性模量能力高于碳化-冻融环境。初期碳化反应在一定程度上能促进强度增长,但冻融100次且碳化14 d后,冻融-碳化环境下强度损失率与水灰比呈正相关。冻融-碳化环境下碳化深度与时间、水灰比呈正相关,冻融环境是加速其碳化腐蚀的催化剂,碳化-冻融环境劣化碳化深度强于冻融-碳化环境,2种耦合环境碳化差值0.87~2.10 mm。为深入研究煤矸石混凝土在复杂环境中的耐久性提供参考。     

A novel sequence batch membrane carbonation photobioreactor developed for microalgae cultivation

A novel SBM-C-PBR was constructed for microalgae cultivation. Membrane fouling was greatly mitigated by membrane carbonation. NH₄⁺ and P removal rates were around 80% in SBM-C-PBR. Biomass was completely retained by membrane. In this study, a novel sequence batch membrane carbonation photobioreactor was developed for microalgae cultivation. Herein, membrane module was endowed functions as microalgae retention and CO₂ carbonation. The results in the batch experiments expressed that the relatively optimal pore size of membranes was 30 nm, photosynthetically active radiation was 36 W/m² and the CO₂ concentration was 10% (v/v). In long-term cultivation, the microalgal concentration separately accumulated up to 1179.0 mg/L and 1296.4 mg/L in two periods. The concentrations of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids were increased about 23.2, 14.9 and 6.3 mg/L respectively in period I; meanwhile, the accumulation was about 25.0, 14.5, 6.6 mg/L respectively in the period II. Furthermore, the pH was kept about 5.5–7.5 due to intermittent carbonation mode, which was suitable for the growth of microalgae. Transmembrane pressure (TMP) was only increased by 0.19 and 0.16 bar in the end of periods I and II, respectively. The pure flux recovered to 75%–80% of the original value by only hydraulic cleaning. Scanning electron microscope images also illustrated that carbonation through membrane module could mitigate fouling levels greatly.     

炼钢精炼渣气固碳酸化反应吸附CO2

采用炼钢精炼渣,通过气固碳酸化反应吸附CO₂,考察了不同吸附温度下精炼渣对纯CO₂和模拟高炉煤气中CO₂的吸附能力。实验结果表明：吸附温度对精炼渣吸附CO₂反应有显著的影响,升高温度可以提高精炼渣对CO₂的吸附能力;在400 ℃时,精炼渣吸附纯CO₂和模拟高炉煤气中CO₂的量分别为4.7 mg/g和9.8 mg/g;吸附温度升高到500 ℃和550 ℃时,精炼渣对纯CO₂的吸附能力强于高炉煤气中CO₂;在550 ℃时,精炼渣吸附纯CO₂和模拟高炉煤气中CO₂的量达到最高,分别为14.7 mg/g和12.9 mg/g。     

高钙特征焚烧飞灰的加速碳酸化处理及对重金属浸出特性的影响

针对生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的高钙含量特征,在室温下采用CO2对焚烧飞灰在液固比(L∶S)为0.25∶1的条件下进行加速碳酸化处理,考察加速碳酸化处理对焚烧飞灰中重金属(As、Cd、Cu、Zn、Sb、Pb)浸出特性的影响.焚烧飞灰XRD分析表明,加速碳酸化处理后飞灰中的Ca(OH)2和CaClOH衍射峰消失,而CaCO3的衍射峰增多,且强度增加.加速碳酸化处理后飞灰中铅的形态发生了改变,并且能够检测到铜的化合物.TG/DTA分析表明,焚烧飞灰在440℃之前增重达到5.70%,SEM-EDS分析证实了Ca(OH)2(s)+CO2(g)→CaCO3(s)反应的发生.焚烧飞灰加速碳酸化处理后的TCLP浸出实验表明,碳酸化时间在2 h内,重金属的浸出浓度除Cd保持不变外都显著下降;而当碳酸化时间超过50 h后,重金属的浸出浓度除Pb外普遍高于飞灰未经碳酸化处理时的浸出浓度.     

碳酸化对模拟废物水泥窑共处置产品中重金属浸出的影响

通过模拟煅烧试验制取水泥熟料(重金属以一定的比例掺入水泥生料)并制备混凝土样品,研磨至粒径小于1mm,并使部分样品发生碳酸化作用.并分别对未碳酸化样品和碳酸化样品进行pH静态试验,研究了碳酸化作用对混凝土样品酸中和容量以及重金属(Cr,Ni,As,Cd和Pb)浸出行为的影响.结果表明,未碳酸化样品在碱性范围内(pH=7~12)酸中和容量较大,而碳酸化样品则在弱酸性范围内(pH=5~7)酸中和容量较大;碳酸化作用不影响混凝土中Cr、Ni、Cd、Pb的释放曲线的变化趋势,仅改变了浸出量最小值出现的pH值区间,但是碳酸化作用改变了混凝土中As的吸附相,使其释放曲线发生了明显的改变;碳酸化作用降低了混凝土中Cr、Ni、Cd、Pd的浸出量,但在较大pH范围内(pH=3~7和pH>11),增加了As的浸出量,因此,对混凝土中重金属溶出的安全性评价应重点关注As.