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Fukushima fallout in Northwest German environmental media 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Traces of short- and long-lived fallout isotopes (131I, 134Cs and 137Cs) were found in environmental samples collected in Northwest Germany (rain water, river sediment, soil, grass and cow milk) from March to May 2011, following the radioactivity releases after the nuclear accident in Fukushima, Japan. The measured concentrations are consistent with reported concentrations in air, amount of rainfall and expected values applying simple radioecological models. The [134Cs]/[137Cs] ratio reported for air (about 1) allows for discrimination between “recent” and “old” 137Cs. Expected 136Cs values fell below the detection limits of the instrumentation, despite large sample masses and long counting times. 相似文献
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Sherwood C. McIntyre 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1993,29(3):487-495
ABSTRACT: Long-term land use and reservoir sedimentation were quantified and linked in a small agricultural reservoir-watershed system without having historical data. Land use was determined from a time sequence of aerial photographs, and reservoir sedimentation was determined from cores with 137Cs dating techniques. They were linked by relating sediment deposition to potential sediment production which was determined by the Universal Soil Loss Equation and by SCS estimates for gullied land. Sediment cores were collected from Tecumseh Lake, a 55-ha reservoir with a 1,189-ha agricultural watershed, constructed in 1934 in central Oklahoma. Reservoir sediment deposition decreased from an average of 5,933 Mg/yr from 1934 to 1954, to 3,179 Mg/yr from 1954 to 1962, and finally to 1,017 Mg/yr from 1962 to 1987. Potential sediment production decreased from an average of 29,892 to 11,122 and then to 3,589 Mg/yr for the same time periods as above, respectively. Reductions in deposition and sediment production corresponded to reductions in cultivated and abandoned cropland which became perennial pasture. Together, cultivated and abandoned cropland accounted for 59 percent of the watershed in 1937, 24 percent in 1954, and 10 percent in 1962. Roadway erosion, stream bank erosion, stored stream channel sediment, and long-term precipitation were considered, but none seemed to play a significant role in changing sediment deposition rates. Instead, the dominant factor was the conversion of fields to perennial pastures. The effect of conservation measures on reservoir sedimentation can now be quantified for many reservoirs where historical data is not available. 相似文献
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This paper compares predictions of the foodchain model SPADE with experimental data for the transfer of (134)Cs and (85)Sr to strawberry plants following acute foliar and soil contamination. The transfer pathways considered in this exercise included direct deposition to fruit, leaf-to-fruit, soil-to-leaf and soil-to-fruit transfers. Following foliar contamination, the difference between predicted and measured radionuclide activity values varied between a factor of 0.5-10 for fruit and 4.5-7 for leaf. Following soil contamination, the difference between predicted and measured values varied between a factor of 3-74 for fruit and 32-44 for leaf. In all cases the difference between measured and predicted values was smaller for (85)Sr than (134)Cs. Measured and predicted activities were higher for leaf than fruit. Both measured and predicted (134)Cs concentrations in fruit and leaf are higher when deposition occurs at ripening than at anthesis. These results confirm the need for more data on fruit, even for Cs and Sr, to support models in predicting the transfer of radionuclides to fruit crops. Ongoing research projects funded by the UK Food Standards Agency aim to provide some data on radionuclide transfer to herbaceous, shrub and tree fruits, which will help improve radiological assessment models in order to provide better protection for consumers. 相似文献
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RateconstantsforthereactionofhydroxylradicalswithHFC-134aZhangDeqiang,ZhongJinxianResearchCenterforEcoEnvironmentalScienc... 相似文献
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Radioiodine and radiocesium in Thessaloniki, Northern Greece due to the Fukushima nuclear accident 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Manolopoulou M Vagena E Stoulos S Ioannidou A Papastefanou C 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2011,102(8):796-797
Radioiodine (131I) in air and rainwater as high as 497 μBq m−3 and 0.7 Bq L−1, respectively, as well as 137Cs and 134Cs in air as high as 145 μBq m−3 and 126 μBq m−3, respectively were recorded in Thessaloniki, Northern Greece (40°38′N, 22°58′E) from March 24, 2011 through April 09, 2011, after a nuclear accident occurred at Fukushima, Japan (37°45′N, 140°28′E) on March 11, 2011. 相似文献
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Jiaojiao Wu Bing Li Jiali Liao Yue Feng Dong Zhang Jun Zhao Wei Wen Yuanyou Yang Ning Liu 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2009,100(10):914-920
The adsorption of Cs by montmorillonite and the effects of experimental conditions on adsorption were investigated by using 134Cs as a radioactive tracer. Additionally, the Cs-adsorbed and the modified montmorillonite were analyzed by X-ray Diffractometer System (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the adsorption of Cs by montmorillonite was efficient in the initial concentration (C0) of 30 μg/L Cs nitrate solution with 20 g/L montmorillonite at room temperature. In this condition, more than 98% Cs+ ions could be adsorbed at pH 8. The adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 5 min and the relationship between the concentration of Cs+ in aqueous solutions and adsorption capacities of Cs+ can be described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption rate would decrease when temperature increase from 0 °C to 50 °C or in presence of coexistent K+, Na+ and Ca2+, while modification by (NH4)2SO4, [Ag(NH3)2]+, [Cu(NH3)4]2+ or 450 °C could improve the adsorption abilities of montmorillonite for Cs+. However, more than 89% of adsorbed Cs+ on montmorillonite could be desorbed by 2 mol/L HNO3 solutions. The XRD and SEM analysis further showed that the structure of the Cs-adsorbed or modified montmorillonite were different from that of the original one. 相似文献
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在空气源热泵热水器中,对水平套管冷凝器环形通道内R134a的凝结换热特性进行实验研究。在冷凝器不同进水流量、进水温度时,实验测试了水平套管冷凝器凝结换热系数随热流密度、冷凝压力及干度的变化。实验工况为:冷凝器的进水流量为0.6~1.0 m~3/h,进水温度为15~60℃。实验结果表明:水平环形通道内R134a的凝结换热系数随热流密度和冷凝压力(温度)的升高而减小,当冷凝压力为1.3 MPa,热流密度由18 k W/m2增加至20.5 k W/m~2时,R134a的凝结换热系数减小了6.9%;当热流密度为15 k W/m~2,冷凝压力由1.78 MPa增大至1.83 MPa时,R134a的凝结换热系数减小了5.8%。R134a的局部凝结换热系数随干度的增大而增大,当冷凝压力为1.1 MPa,热流密度为18.3 k W/m~2,制冷剂干度由0.1增大至0.9时,R134a的局部凝结换热系数增大了24.4%。 相似文献
10.
J. Roger McHenry Jerry C. Ritchie Charles M. Cooper 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1980,16(6):1049-1056
ABSTRACT: Sedimentation rates since 1954 in Lake Pepin, as determined from the content of fallout cesium-137 in the sediment profile, have exceeded 2.5 cm/yr in the upper part of the lake. These rates, although somewhat less than those of the previous half century (1895–1954), are sufficiently large that the upstream portion of Lake Pepin is threatened with conversion to a marsh within a century. The density of the sediments measured increased with depth in the sampled profile from 1.1 to 1.2 g/ml at the sediment surface to 1.4 to 1.5 g/ml at 2- or 3-m depth. There was little or no change in the patterns of textural composition or density of the sediment profile with depth and age over the past 80 to 150 years. 相似文献