感潮平原中心城区河道近自然生态修复技术的应用

针对感潮平原中心城区河道存在往复流现象带来的水质波动、生态岸线差、生态系统稳定性不足等问题,开展以基于生物屏障技术耦合水生动植物生态系统构建为主的全面系统的近自然生态修复集成技术及示范研究。注重源头削减和末端综合治理,通过集成构建河道水质稳定技术、海绵设施生态岸线、优化水生态系统措施等技术体系,并选取上海市中心城区典型河道进行示范应用及效果跟踪。结果表明,修复后河道水质和感官效果得到了极大提升,化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮、总磷、浊度/悬浮物(SS)各均值较未处理河道水质均值分别降低约23%、41%、35%、51%/52%,5大类抗生素除了洁霉素、克林霉素和磺胺吡啶外均未检出,河道水质从在地表水IV类水质上下波动稳定达到IV类(总氮指标除外)。     

Auditing non-hazardous wastes from golf course operations: moving from a waste to a sustainability framework

This paper provides non-hazardous solid waste audit procedures and bench mark audit data for golf courses (GCs). The paper also demonstrates the narrow scope of solid waste audit data, and the need to move towards a broader auditing scope such as that contained in sustainability auditing frameworks. A case study of Clear Lake Golf Course, located in southwestern Manitoba, Canada was completed. Annual waste generation rates at the GC were estimated to be 46.2 tonnes/year with 83% of this material compostable. Grass clipping material generated from the putting greens accounted for 79% of the waste stream. The GC achieved a solid waste diversion rate of 81% (waste generated not destined for landfill per total waste material generated). A future, realistic target of 97% diversion was also identified. The 7 day audit period was found to be unsuitable for estimating grass clipping generation rates. Implementation of a broader sustainability framework for future audits will harmonize many existing management functions such as solid waste auditing, waste characterizations, pollution prevention, green procurement, customer satisfaction, and the efficiency of the operations.     

《安全原理》课程教学探讨

《安全原理》是安全工程专业的重要的专业基础课。与安全工程专业一样,《安全原理》课程的总体教学方案并不成熟,存在各个学校间教学内容不统一、教学方法不成熟等问题。论文根据教学实践分析了《安全原理》课程的特点及教学上的难点,在教学内容和教学手段方面提出了自己观点。《安全原理》的课程特点体现在内容琐碎、枯燥且不统一,也因此形成了教学内容安排和教学方法选择上的教学难点。为了解决这些问题,论文提出了以事故致因理论和事故预防与控制的基本原理为主的教学内容和包括案例教学法、启发讨论式教学、视频资料的应用、英文原版材料的应用的教学方法。希望本文能在提高《安全原理》课程的教学效果方面发挥一定指导作用。     

浙江嘉善东部区域盛家湾河道缓冲带及水生态修复实践

河流生态修复是改善水质和维持河流生态系统稳定的重要措施,是贯彻落实“十四五”重点流域水生态环境保护总体要求的重要举措。以嘉善姚庄镇俞汇塘支流盛家湾河道为研究对象,探讨了河流缓冲带与水生态修复工程实践。针对该区域生态空间严重被挤占、部分河段生境受损严重、生物多样性降低、河道水质不稳定等环境问题,提出了以保护—修复—发展为创新思路的盛家湾河道生态修复工程总体方案;以全面提升河道的水生态环境质量、构建健康稳定的水生态系统为修复目标,实施了面源污染阻控、生态空间恢复以及水生态修复等工程,其中包括面积为17 700 m²的人工湿地及2 200 m长的生态植草沟建设,约30 m宽和1 480 m长的陆域植被缓冲带构建,1 210 m长的河岸线生态化改造,以及面积为20 400 m²的水下森林生态修复工程。通过盛家湾河道的生态修复,全面改善了盛家湾区域的生态环境,实现了“水清岸绿”,恢复了水体的生物多样性。

     

基于水量分配方案的抚河流域最小控制需水量研究

鄱阳湖流域水资源丰富,在非汛期尤其是用水高峰期,存在供需水矛盾和河道外用水挤占河道内用水现象。基于水量分配方案,以控制断面为节点,考虑河道外需水,兼顾河道内生态环境需水,系统提出计算流域控制断面最小控制需水量方法。在此基础上,以抚河流域为例,把流域划分为12个控制断面,分别为沙子岭、黎川、南城、洪门、廖坊、石门、廖家湾、娄家村、马圩、焦石、柴埠口和李家渡,各断面的最小控制需水量分别为740、380、2873、1200、4981、261、5085、7168、050、10894、1556 和1030 m3/s。通过水文监测控制流域断面流量,为落实水量分配方案、保护流域水环境和维持河流生态系统健康提供保障。同时,以最小需水量并与实测流量比较,确定各用水区余缺水量,为实施流域非汛期水量调度提供依据     

基于工作过程的“城镇污水处理厂运行管理”实践课程构建

阐述了基于工作过程构建\"城镇污水处理厂运行管理\"实践课程的总体思路,通过对工作岗位及工作内容的分析,归纳\"城镇污水处理厂运行管理\"实践课程的行动领域,完成\"城镇污水处理厂运行管理\"实践课程从学习领域到学习情境的转换,并简述课程的实施方案。     

新建本科院校安全工程专业数学课程教学改革探讨

以提高安全工程专业人才的综合素质为目标,充分体现学院\"突出安全特色\"的办学思想,提出对重要公共基础课之一的数学课程进行教学改革的模式.在课程设置上,不断探索安全工程专业数学课程的恰当设置,体现专业性,其内容突出一个\"用\"字;在教学方法上,充分考虑安全工程专业学生的特点,采用现代化的教学手段和先进的教学方法,从而调动学生学习积极性,发挥其教学主体作用.在考试内容和考核方式方面,需不断创新,考查方式灵活多样,注重对学生解决实际问题能力的考核;加强师资队伍建设,为教学改革提供必要保证.笔者提出的学院安全工程专业数学课程教学改革的新思路和具体做法,可为其他高校尤其是新建本科院校提供有益的参考.     

火灾与爆炸灾害控制课程建设与教学研究

本文对火灾与爆炸灾害控制课程理论教学内容与手段、实验教学内容、课外实践环节、毕业（设计）论文环节、教学团队建设等方面进行了探讨。以培养卓越一线工程师的基本目标为指导,通过本课程的建设与教学,使学生具备扎实的理论功底。通过完善和增加实验项目,课外科技创新活动和毕业论文（设计）环节,培养学生的实践与创新能力。课程建设过程也是教学团队建设和科研团队建设过程,课堂教学内容的更新督促教师不断阅读最新的研究文献,丰富和更新自己的专业知识;引导成绩优异的本科生,在他们力所能及的范围内参与到教师的科研项目中,双方都受益匪浅。     

Estimating Watershed Level Nonagricultural Pesticide Use From Golf Courses Using Geospatial Methods1

Abstract: Limited information exists on pesticide use for nonagricultural purposes, making it difficult to estimate pesticide loadings from nonagricultural sources to surface water and to conduct environmental risk assessments. A method was developed to estimate the amount of pesticide use on recreational turf grasses, specifically golf course turf grasses, for watersheds located throughout the conterminous United States (U.S.). The approach estimates pesticide use: (1) based on the area of recreational turf grasses (used as a surrogate for turf associated with golf courses) within the watershed, which was derived from maps of land cover, and (2) from data on the location and average treatable area of golf courses. The area of golf course turf grasses determined from these two methods was used to calculate the percentage of each watershed planted in golf course turf grass (percent crop area, or PCA). Turf‐grass PCAs derived from the two methods were used with recommended application rates provided on pesticide labels to estimate total pesticide use on recreational turf within 1,606 watersheds associated with surface‐water sources of drinking water. These pesticide use estimates made from label rates and PCAs were compared to use estimates from industry sales data on the amount of each pesticide sold for use within the watershed. The PCAs derived from the land‐cover data had an average value of 0.4% of a watershed with minimum of 0.01% and a maximum of 9.8%, whereas the PCA values that are based on the number of golf courses in a watershed had an average of 0.3% of a watershed with a minimum of <0.01% and a maximum of 14.2%. Both the land‐cover method and the number of golf courses method produced similar PCA distributions, suggesting that either technique may be used to provide a PCA estimate for recreational turf. The average and maximum PCAs generally correlated to watershed size, with the highest PCAs estimated for small watersheds. Using watershed specific PCAs, combined with label rates, resulted in greater than two orders of magnitude over‐estimation of the pesticide use compared to estimates from sales data.     

安全文化学课程内容及其教材框架设计研究

为构建安全文化学课程内容体系,进而为安全文化学教材编著奠定基础,分析安全文化学的内涵及课程地位与性质。基于此,从风险社会视阈与“大安全—大文化”视角介入,建立安全文化学课程内容体系的逻辑结构图,并构建安全文化学课程内容体系结构。在此基础上,对安全文化学课程教材编著从指导思想及内容深度与广度2方面进行思考。结果表明:安全文化学课程内容体系建构及其教材编著意义重大且急需,该研究为安全文化学教材编著,以及高等院校安全工程专业人才培养中开设安全文化学课程奠定了基础。