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1.
Detention Outlet Retrofit Improves the Functionality of Existing Detention Basins by Reducing Erosive Flows in Receiving Channels
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Robert J. Hawley James A. Goodrich Nora L. Korth Christopher J. Rust Elizabeth V. Fet Craig Frye Katherine R. MacMannis Matthew S. Wooten Mark Jacobs Rajib Sinha 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2017,53(5):1032-1047
By discharging excess stormwater at rates that more frequently exceed the critical flow for stream erosion, conventional detention basins often contribute to increased channel instability in urban and suburban systems that can be detrimental to aquatic habitat and water quality, as well as adjacent property and infrastructure. However, these ubiquitous assets, valued at approximately $600,000 per km2 in a representative suburban watershed, are ideal candidates to aid in reversing such cycles of channel degradation because improving their functionality would not necessarily require property acquisition or heavy construction. The objective of this research was to develop a simple, cost‐effective device that could be installed in detention basin outlets to reduce the erosive power of the relatively frequent storm events (~ < two‐year recurrence) and provide a passive bypass to maintain flood control performance during infrequent storms (such as the 100‐year recurrence). Results from a pilot installation show that the Detain H2O device reduced the cumulative sediment transport capacity of the preretrofit condition by greater than 40%, and contributed to reduced flashiness and prolonged baseflows in receiving streams. When scaling the strategy across a watershed, these results suggest that potential gains in water quality and stream channel stability could be achieved at costs that are orders of magnitude less than comparable benefits from newly constructed stormwater control measures. 相似文献
2.
Robert G. Striegl 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1987,23(6):985-996
ABSTRACT: A small lake in the Chicago Metropolitan Area was from 91 to 95 percent efficient in removing suspended sediment and from 76 to 94 percent efficient in removing copper, iron, lead, and zinc from urban runoff. Sediments accumulated in the lake in the form of an organic-rich mud at an average rate of 20 millimeters per year; this reduced lake storage and covered potential habitat for aquatic organisms. Copper, lead, and zinc concentrations were closely associated with suspended-sediment concentrations and with silt- and clay-sized fractions of lake sediment. Although concentrations of mercury and cadmium were near detection limits in runoff, measurable concentrations of these metals accumulated in the lake sediments. 相似文献
3.
Chao‐Hsien Liaw Yao‐Lung Tsai Mow‐Soung Cheng 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2006,42(2):311-322
The Keelung River Basin in northern Taiwan lies immediately upstream of the Taipei metropolitan area. The Shijr area is in the lower basin and is subject to frequent flooding. This work applies micromanagement and source control, including widely distributed infiltration and detention/ retention runoff retarding measures, in the Wudu watershed above Shijr. A method is also developed that combines a genetic algorithm and a rainfall runoff model to optimize the spatial distribution of runoff retarding facilities. Downstream of Wudu in the Shijr area, five dredging schemes are considered. If 10‐year flood flows cannot be confined in the channel, then a levee embankment that corresponds to the respective runoff retarding scheme will be required. The minimum total cost is considered in the rule to select from the regional flood mitigation alternatives. The results of this study reveal that runoff retarding facilities installed in the upper and middle parts of the watershed are most effective in reducing the flood peak. Moreover, as the cost of acquiring land for the levee embankment increases, installing runoff retarding measures in the upper portion of the watershed becomes more economical. 相似文献
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C. Tiyamani V. O. Shanholtz T M. Younos S. J. Thomson 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1994,30(2):335-341
ABSTRACT: A design procedure to determine optimum size for a sediment detention pond is presented. The procedure is based on simulating the sediment removal efficiency of the pond in conjunction with temporal variations in rainfall and potential land use and/or management options. The simulation procedure is based on a combined probabilistic-deterministic modeling approach. The probabilistic model generates daily rainfall with hourly increments for a selected site. The deterministic model simulates sediment yield and concentration for drainage area (pond inflow) and sediment trapping efficiency of the pond. The sediment yield and concentration in pond effluent is estimated from the difference between sediment inflow to the pond and sediment trapped by the pond. As an example, the procedure is applied to determine optimum design for a sediment detention pond in a surface mined area using several pond design options and alternative mining operation/land reclamation strategies. 相似文献
6.
研究松花江蓄洪区选址问题的决策方法.松花江蓄滞洪区选址问题涉及诸多定性指标和定量指标,属于半结构决策问题.本文综合层次分析法和模糊优选法,提出求解这类问题的一种半结构决策方法.基本方法是:将评价指标分为定性指标和定量指标;对于定性应用层次分析法,求其评价矩阵;对于定量指标应用相对隶属度方法,求其评价矩阵;二者合成得到全体指标的评价矩阵;最后利用模糊优选法求得最优决策.应用该方法于松花江流域蓄滞洪区的方案选择中. 相似文献
7.
河道滞留塘系统是以颗粒物沉降为污染物主要净化机理的污染河流净化技术.通过1年的现场试验研究,考察了悬浮颗粒物SS在滞留塘中的沉降和沉积特性.在本试验条件下,随水力停留时间(HRT)延长(HRT为1.5~7 h),SS平均去除率逐渐增加,介于20%~40%之间,而SS去除速率则快速降低,SS去除速率与进水SS浓度成正比关系;不同季节河水中SS的沉降性能有较大差异,冬季河水中有机物含量较低的易沉降颗粒物比例较春秋季河水的为高,滞留塘HRT的选择应以去除易沉降颗粒物为标准,本研究条件下5 h以内是适宜的HRT选择范围.在滞留塘动态运行中,SS的沿程沉积量呈指数规律下降. 相似文献
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9.
生物预处理是当前给水处理去除水中氨氮和有机物的有效手段,有助于改善水的理化性质且利于后续常规工艺的运行.针对以太湖水质的特点,跌水曝气生物接触氧化预处理成为首选方法.通过对不同水力停留时间(HRT)运行效果的分析,提出了在低温季节最优的水力停留时间.污染物在生物接触氧化中的去除率随水力停留时间的增大而增大,而在HRT<1.6 h范围内HRT的影响较为显著. 相似文献