上海市机动车排污状况与污染控制战略

通过对上海市中心城区机动车行驶工史现状的主要特点及发展趋势的分析，计算出中心城区１９９５年机动车尾气排放的ＣＯ、ＮＭＨＣ和ＮＯｘ负荷，分别占区域内机动车和固定源产排放总量的７６％、９３％和４４％，据预测，到２０１０年，中心城区内机动车排出的ＣＯ、ＮＭＨＣ和ＮＯｘ负荷，将分别占区域中机动车和固定源排放总量的９４％、９８％和７５％，因此，针对机动车排污所面临的严峻挑战，需要采取加强机动车检查与维修（Ｉ     

窄小场地条件下柴油发电机噪声综合治理

介绍一例窄小场地条件下柴油发电机噪声综合治理工程。通过对机房实行整体封闭隔声与吸声、以消声道兼作通风道强制通风、以消声器加垃圾道消除排气噪声等综合措施 ,使柴油发电机噪声完全达到标准。     

Game theory approach to optimal capital cost allocation in pollution control

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柴油发动机隔振方面的仿真研究

本文主要研究模糊控制技术在柴油发动机隔振系统中的应用，将模糊控制技术引入柴油发动机隔振主动控制系统，针对柴油发动机隔振模拟实验台架的振动特点，建立了控制系统数学模型，进行了柴油发动机隔振模拟实验台架垂直方向的仿真研究。     

柴油汽车掺烧LPG降低黑烟排放技术

研究了柴油机掺烧液化石油气(LPG)以降低黑烟排放的技术方案，并开发出了一种以独特型板调节装置为特征的机械控制式柴油/LPG双燃料供给系统。发动机不改变原有结构加装该系统后即成为柴油/LPG双燃料发动机，可以同时燃烧柴油和LPG两种燃料，并且在整个工作范围内，随着工况变化能够按照预先优化设定的型板型线规律而自动调节柴油／LPG供给量比例，使烟度降低50％以上，同时满足经济性、动力性以及操作性能等要求，此外，也可以切换为单独燃烧柴油，而不改变发动机的原有性能。该系统结构简单、成本低廉，非常适合于改装城市在用公交车，降低其黑烟排放。     

车用三效催化剂的研究进展

三效催化剂是机外治理机动车尾气污染最常采用的有效方法，车用三效催化剂已发展到第4代。目前车用三效催化剂的研究主要集中在：开发稀燃型三效催化剂和紧耦合三效催化剂及发展三效催化剂低温冷起燃技术等。国内应以稀土添加少量贵金属的三效催化剂为主要研究方向，开发适合我国现状的车用净化催化剂技术。     

二氧化硫排放总量控制若干问题的思考

根据国家《“十一五”规划纲要》对削减二氧化硫排放总量的要求，在对电力行业脱硫现状及前景的具体阐述中指出实现这个目标的可能性，并从多方面对二氧化硫总量控制的关键问题进行了详尽的论述与分析。     

Modelling nitrogen fluxes at the landscape scale

The distribution and impacts of different nitrogen pollutants are inextricably linked. To understand the problem fully, the interactions between the different pollutants need to be taken into account. This is particularly important when it comes to abatement techniques, since measures to reduce emissions of one nitrogen pollutant can often lead to an increase in another. This project represents a step towards greater understanding of these issues by linking together new and existing nitrogen flux models into a larger framework. The modelling framework has been constructed and some of the nitrogen flows between fields, farms and the atmosphere have been modelled for a UK study area for typical farm management scenarios.     

New Metal Emission Patterns in Road Traffic Environments

The increased awareness of traffic as a major diffuse metal emission source emphasizes the need for more detailed information on the various traffic-related sources and how and where the metals are dispersed. In this study, metal emission patterns in the road traffic environment were examined from the perspective of different surrounding factors, e.g. the importance of intersections, deceleration, vehicle speed and traffic density. A total of 148 topsoil samples from 18 south Swedish roads were analysed (using GFAAS) for traffic-emitted metals, i.e. Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb and Zn. The roadside topsoil metal concentrations were used to examine correlations between metals and surrounding factors. The studied metals were divided into three groups corresponding to different emission sources: metals from decelerating activities (Cu, Sb and Zn), metals as historical residues from the combustion of petrol (Pb and Cd), and non-source-specific metals (Cr and Ni). It was found that Cu and Sb, despite their rather short history as traffic-emitted metals, have increased more than eightfold in roadside soils compared to background levels. The major source of road traffic related Cu and Sb is brake linings. The significant increase of Cu and Sb in roadside topsoil stresses the need for metal transport studies as well as effect studies of these metals. Metals emitted due to decelerating activities were not correlated to elevated concentrations near road junctions. Emission patterns of traffic-related metals alongside roads are crucial in order to be able to evaluate the optimal localization of storm water treatment ponds.     

三江平原小叶章湿草甸CH4地-气交换特征

用密闭不透明箱-气相色谱法对三江平原小叶章湿草甸进行了为期2 a的现场观测研究.结果表明三江平原季节性积水的小叶章湿草甸全年CH4排放呈明显的双峰型变化.在非冰冻期(5月至10月)CH4排放通量为0.297～18.914 mg·m-2·h-1, 排放峰值出现在6月和8月、9月;冰冻期(11月至次年4月)CH4排放通量为0.048～2.921 mg·m-2·h-1, 排放低值出现在冬季的12月至次年3月之间,以及发生季节性干旱的7月.冰雪覆盖下的小叶章湿地依然有CH4排放,冰冻期CH4排放量约占全年排放总量的4.94%.在季节性积水或过湿的环境中,小叶章湿草甸CH4排放通量的季节变化主要由温度和土壤水分条件共同控制,其日变化特征表现为白天排放通量大,夜间则小.