电-生物耦合技术对偶氮染料的去除研究

酸性大红GR是一种较难生物降解的偶氮染料,采用一种电场和生物耦合的新型技术处理酸性大红GR模拟废水,并与单纯电化学法和好氧生物法进行试验对照。结果表明：反应6 h后,电化学法、好氧生物法、电-生物耦合技术对酸性大红GR的去除率分别达到15.7%、25.8%和71.2%,电-生物耦合技术能明显提高酸性大红GR的去除效果,起到强化生物处理的作用。在15 mA微电流条件下电-生物技术能克服50 mg/L酸性大红GR对好氧生物处理的抑制作用,为高浓度难降解染料废水的生物强化处理提供了可能。     

三种偶氮染料降解历程在紫外-可见光谱上的表现

本文对基本结构相似的三种偶氮染料橙黄Ⅱ、活性艳红Ｘ－３Ｂ和活性黑Ｋ－ＢＲ水溶液在铁粉还原－光氧化两步法处理中的紫外－可见光谱图作对比分析,依据其结构与特征吸收的关系,初步推测还原铁粉－光氧化法降解染料的历程。     

环境中VOCs的污染现状及处理技术研究进展

综述了近十年来大气环境中挥发性有机物(VOcs)的污染现状及其主要处理技术的研究进展.介绍了目前大气环境中VOCs的主要处理技术(包括吸附、冷凝及膜分离等回收技术和燃烧、等离子体、光催化降解和生物降解等销毁技术)的适用条件、经济性、可操作性和净化效率.提出要对VOCs的吸收和生物降解的反应动力学模型、催化机制、材料的性能及微生物活性进行深入研究的建议.     

累托石对水中染料碱性桃红的吸附

采用累托石作为水中碱性桃红的吸附剂.考察了振荡时间、pH值、累托石用量、碱性桃红初始浓度等因素对吸附效果的影响.测定了吸附等温线,对吸附动力学规律进行了数学模拟.结果表明,振荡时间、累托石用量、碱性桃红初始浓度等因素对吸附效果有重要影响.对于初始质量浓度为50 mg/L的碱性桃红水溶液,最适宜吸附条件为:振荡时间30 min,累托石用量200 mg/100 mL,pH值为6.累托石对水中碱性桃红的吸附等温线呈"S"型,等温吸附规律可用Freundlich模式较好地描述,吸附动力学规律可用Bangham公式模拟.     

新型介质阻挡放电反应器同时处理废气和废液研究

为了充分发挥介质阻挡放电处理污染物的能力.本研究依据介质阻挡放电降解废气和废液的原理,设计了一种介质阻挡放电同时处理废液和废气的反应器,并对模拟废气甲苯和染料废水进行处理.实验过程中对甲苯和染料废水分别单独处理和两者同时处理的效果进行了比较.结果表明,甲苯在单独处理和同染料废水同时处理时都可达到较高的降解效果,两者同时处理时甲苯的降解效率可达88.6%.并且在甲苯降解效率基本保持不变的情况下,本反应器可以实现对染料废水的同步降解,其中处理50 mg·L-1活性艳蓝60min时,降解率可达95.4%,每小时处理量为35.8 mg.通过同时处理甲苯和染料废水提高了反应器的能量利用效率.     

官厅水库底泥对染料的吸附特征研究

采用静态吸附法研究了北京官厅水库底泥对亚甲基蓝、孔雀石绿和刚果红3种染料化合物的吸附行为,探讨了pH值、离子强度、温度等因素对吸附的影响,测定了染料的吸附等温线.结果表明,3种染料的吸附等温线都很好地符合Freundlich方程,底泥对孔雀石绿的吸附量最大.吸附染料过程是在分形表面上发生的反应.不同染料吸附时计算出的分形维数不同,底泥的表面分形维数均处于2～3之间.pH值是影响吸附的主要因素,刚果红和亚甲基蓝受离子强度影响较大.吸附动力学研究表明,吸附分为快速吸附和慢速吸附两个阶段.     

Photodegradation mechanism of two dyes: the influence of adsorption behavior on the novel TiO2 particles

The relationship between adsorption behavior and photocatalytic mechanism of the two dyes was investigated. Adsorption isotherms showed that the adsorption of cationic pink FG was Langmuir type behavior, while the reactive brilliant red k-2G was Freundlich type behavior. The increasing pH favored the adsorption of FG but have little effect on the photodegradation. The increasing pH favored the adsorption and the photodegradation of k-2G. The presence of scavenger of hvb^ and OH. radical potassium iodide inhibited the degradation of k-2G, free radicals scavenger tetranitromethane inhibited the photodegradation of FG. These results indicated that the photodegradation of FG mainly via free radicals in solution, and the photodegradation of k-2G was mainly on the catalysts surface or near the interface of solid and solution by react with hvb^ and surface-bound OH.. The different effect of SO4^2- , HCO3^- on the adsorption and photodegradation of two dyes confirmed these results.     

Effects of glucose on the decolorization of Reactive Black 5 by yeast isolates

The cometabolic roles of glucose were investigated in decolorization of an azo dye, Reactive Black 5, by yeast isolates, Debaryomyces polymorphus and Candida tropicalis. The results indicated that the dye degradation by the two yeasts was highly associated with the yeast growth process and glucose presence in the medium. Color removal of 200 mg dye/L was increased from 76.4% to 92.7% within 60 h to 100% within 18-24 h with the increase of glucose from 5 to 10 g/L, although the activity of manganese dependent peroxidase （MnP） decreased by 2-8 times in this case. Hydrogen peroxide of 233.3 μg/L was detected in 6 h in D. polymorphus culture. The cometabolic functions of glucose and hydrogen peroxide could be also confirmed by the further color removals of 95.8% or 78,9% in the second cycle of decolorization tests in which 7 g glucose/L or 250 μg H202/L was superadded respectively together with 200 mg dye/L.     

壳聚糖/纳米CdS复合颗粒可见光光催化降解猩红B动力学研究

采用仿生矿化法制备了壳聚糖/纳米CdS复合颗粒光催化剂,并用于可见光光催化降解猩红B染料模拟废水,研究了猩红B初始浓度、pH、催化剂投加量和催化剂重复使用次数等因素对猩红B光催化降解的影响.X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,壳聚糖能有效负载CdS纳米微晶.采用Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型描述壳聚糖/纳米CdS复合颗粒可见光光催化降解猩红B反应动力学行为,在猩红B初始质量浓度较低(≤20 mg/L)时,光催化降解过程符合假一级动力学方程.降低猩红B初始浓度和溶液pH都可显著增大光催化降解速率常数;催化剂投加量小于0.7 g/L时,光催化降解速率随其增加而增大,但催化剂投加量过大会使光催化降解速率减小;催化剂重复使用第5次时,猩红B光催化降解速率常数仍为第1次使用时的63.4%.     

pH敏感性β-环糊精微球的制备及其吸附性能

采用反相微悬浮乳液聚合技术制备了β-环糊精(β-CD)微球,用丁二酸酐对β-CD微球进行化学改性,制备了pH敏感性β-CD(pH-β-CD)微球.通过傅里叶红外光谱仪和扫描电子显微镜对微球的结构、粒径和形貌进行了表征.探讨了亚甲基蓝模拟染料废水pH、吸附时间和微球加入量对亚甲基蓝吸附性能的影响.实验结果表明,在亚甲基蓝模拟染料废水pH为10.0、吸附时间为90 min的条件下,当pH-β-CD微球加入量为50 mg时,pH-β-CD微球吸附量为16.1 mg/g;当pH-β-CD微球加入量为250 mg时,pH-β-CD微球对亚甲基蓝的脱色率达96.2%.