耐镉细菌联合电动技术修复镉污染土壤的研究

为提高传统电动技术对重金属污染土壤的修复效果以及经济效益,本研究采用耐镉细菌联合电动修复技术修复镉污染土壤.通过在含镉土壤中接种3种耐镉细菌Escherichia coli strain、Bacillus sp.和Bacillus cereus strain,以电压梯度1 V·cm^-1通电10 d,比较不同耐镉细菌对土壤Cd去除和形态转化,以及电能消耗的影响.结果表明,接种Escherichia coli strain、Bacillus sp.、Bacillus cereus strain的试验组比传统电动修复的Cd去除率分别提高7.63%、17.21%、19.53%;单位修复能耗分别降低64.78、109.52、116.54 kW·min·mg^-1.由于Bacillus cereus strain对Cd²⁺的吸附量高于Escherichia coli strain和Bacillus sp.,且能有效降低土壤中Cd的生物毒性,因此采用Bacillus cereus strain联合电动技术修复镉污染土壤时效果最佳,Cd去除率达到30.77%,单位修复耗能为48.94 kW·min·mg^-1.     

Effect of electric intensity on the microbial degradation of petroleum pollutants in soil

Electro-bioremediation is an innovative method to remedy organic-polluted soil. However, the principle of electrokinetic technology enhancing the function of microbes, especially the relationship of electric intensity and biodegradation efficiency, is poorly investigated. Petroleum was employed as a target organic pollutant at a level of 50 g/kg (mass of petroleum/mass of dry soil). A direct current power supply was used for tests with a constant direct current electric voltage (1.0 V/cm). The petroleum concentrations were measured at 3275–3285 nm after extraction using hexane, the group composition of crude oil was analyzed by column chromatography. The water content of soil was kept 25% (m/m). The results indicated the degradation process was divided into two periods: from day 1 to day 40, from day 41 to day 100. The treatment of soil with an appropriate electric field led the bacteria to have a persistent effect in the whole period of 100 days. The highest biodegradation efficiency of 45.5% was obtained after treatment with electric current and bacteria. The electric-bioremediation had a positive effect on alkane degradation. The degradation rate of alkane was 1.6 times higher in the soil exposed to electric current than that treated with bacteria for 100 days. A proper direct current could stimulate the microbial activities and accelerate the biodegradation of petroleum. There was a positive correlation between the electric intensities and the petroleum bioremediation efficiencies with a coefficient of 0.9599.     

完全对称电场对电动-微生物修复石油污染土壤的影响

针对石油这种非极性复杂有机污染物难以去除的特点,以含油量为50 mg/g的石油污染土壤为研究对象,运用行/列循环切换方式,每5 min切换一次电极极性,建立空间和场强上完全对称的电场,旨在研究完全对称电场条件下电动-微生物联合修复对石油污染物去除率的影响. 对土壤有效氮、有效磷、有效钾等营养物含量以及降解菌数量在电场作用下的变化进行比较. 结果表明,1 V/cm的电压梯度下,土壤中的w(有效氮),w(有效磷)和w(有效钾)分别为初始值的1.3,1.6和1.2倍;同时,在电场作用和电极极性切换条件下,土壤的pH为6.3±0.2,温度升高2～3 ℃,石油降解菌的数量增加,当处理时间为20 d时,降解菌数量最大值达2.3×109 　CFU/mL,进而提高了石油的去除率. 烷烃在电动处理下降解速率加快,60 d烷烃去除率达到15.73%. 经过60 d的电动-微生物修复,石油去除率达到33.42%,是对照组的2.4倍.      

周期切换电极极性对电动-微生物修复石油污染土壤的影响

以石油作为处理对象,研究周期性切换电极极性对电动-微生物联合修复石油污染土壤的影响。结果表明,2 h/次的电极转换使pH值稳定在6.2~6.4,土壤温度在(29.8±0.4)℃。在修复100 d后,土壤微生物数量达到7.3×107cfu/g,有机碳消耗率比非极性控制组多2 g/kg。石油去除率达到65.5%,比非极性控制组和单一的微生物组高1.2和2.9倍。可见,周期性极性控制可为电动-微生物联合修复提供良好的土壤环境,加速石油污染土壤的修复效率。