Heat dissipation characteristic in the intake grille and radiator of a fuel cell vehicle

ABSTRACT

In this study, a three-dimension (3D) computational model was proposed to investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the intake grilles of two different fuel cell vehicles. The models of the intake grilles were constructed according to the actual sizes of two vehicles, namely, Roewe 950 and Toyota Mirai, considering the heat dissipation unit to simplify the heat transfer model of the vehicle. The results showed that relative to Roewe 950, Mirai intake air flow rate was approximately 10% higher, the heat transfer capacity was approximately 7% higher, and the intake grille area was larger. The coolant outlet temperature of Mirai was lower than that of Roewe 950, which was beneficial for the long term and stable operation of a fuel cell. This comparative study provided guidance for the intake grille and radiator design of fuel cell vehicles. The only difference between fuel cell vehicles on the market and conventional vehicles was that in the former, the internal combustion engine was replaced with a fuel cell stack, which had insufficient heat transfer capacity because of the reducing temperature difference. Increasing the intake grille area and the heat exchange capacity of the radiator were the key issues for the development of fuel cell vehicles. In this study, an optimal window opening angle of the radiator fin of 23° provided a maximal heat transfer coefficient.     

基于双高速摄影的着靶姿态测量方法

目的 获取物体在三维空间中的飞行着靶姿态.方法 提出一种基于2台高速相机双光轴交汇的测量方法,即利用2台相机同步拍摄,获得各自物体的姿态角度,根据相机光轴方位、相机与目标物体的空间位置关系,推导出物体着靶角的数学表达式,结合实际应用需求,获得几种特殊情形下的简化形式.结果 把该方法应用于跌落试验的实测分析,迅速且准确地获得了物体的着靶姿态.结论 该方法中相机的布置方式受试验场所的约束较小,可为跌落、高速撞击等异常安全性试验研究提供有效支撑.     

新型机械澄清池设备的设计及在尾矿水处理中的应用

国内现有的机械加速澄清池因池体及设备结构的原因,存在刮泥耙直径小、驱动扭矩低,高负荷时排泥差等问题,不能满足用户对设备大池径（大于Ф29m）、大处理量、高效澄清、多用途的要求。介绍了新型澄清池设备的工艺、结构设计及特点。新型机械澄清池设备通过对池体结构的改进设计,及对刮泥机、提升搅拌机、排泥防堵搅拌机三者同心套装结构,扭矩可达百万牛顿米的带齿回转支承及多组电机同步驱动的刮泥耙驱动机构,池周边增设斜板及集水装置等方面的设计,实现了池径大于qb29in机械澄清池的设计制造,填补了国内该项目的空白,经矿山尾矿水处理实际应用证明效果理想。     

Review of the remediation strategies for soil water repellency

Many regions of the world are predicted to experience water scarcity due to more frequent and more severe droughts and increased water demands. Water use efficiency by plants can be negatively affected by soil water repellency (SWR). It is timely to review existing techniques to remedy SWR. Ideally remediation addresses the origins of a problem. However, the fundamental mechanisms of how and why SWR develops are still poorly understood. In this review it was hypothesized that SWR occurs where the balance of input-decomposition of organic matter is impaired, due to either increased input or decreased decomposition rates of hydrophobic substances. Direct and indirect strategies to remedy SWR were distinguished. While direct remediation aims at abolishing the causes of SWR, indirect strategies seek to manage sites with SWR by treating its symptoms. The 12 reviewed strategies include applying surfactants, clay, slow-release fertilizers, lime, and fungicides, bioremediation of SWR through stimulating earthworms, choosing adapted vegetation, irrigation, cultivation, soil aeration and compaction. Some of the techniques have been applied successfully only in laboratory experiments. Our review highlights that it is not straightforward to cure SWR based on easily measurable and site-specific soil and vegetation properties, and that long-term, large-scale field experiments are required to improve the understanding of the evolution of SWR as cornerstone to develop cost-effective and efficient remediation strategies. We also identified current research gaps around the diagnosis and prevention of SWR.     

考虑油滴碰撞聚结的斜板除油过程模拟

考虑离散油滴在油田废水除油过程中发生的油滴碰撞聚结现象,模拟得出斜板除油器内全部油滴的动态信息,用于斜板除油器除油效率的计算.对矩形同向流斜板除油过程的模拟研究表明:油滴的碰撞聚结会增加斜板除油的效率;当废水的原始含油浓度增大时,斜板除油的效率会增大,碰撞聚结对除油效率提高的影响也越大;废水流动速度提高及斜板的倾斜角度增加均会使斜板的除油效率降低,但此时油滴碰撞聚结对除油效率的影响仍很明显.     

液化四氟乙烷小孔泄漏试验研究

采用高速摄影技术,考察了液化四氟乙烷发生小孔泄漏时,其水平泄漏和垂直泄漏的初始云团演化行为、泄漏的质量流率、喷射速度和喷射角,并与理论计算公式进行了对比。结果表明:水平喷射两相云团尾部出现涡流,涡流大幅加快了云团向空气中扩散的速率;垂直喷射的两相云团在地面形成液池,液池大幅增加了液化气体向空气中蒸发的速率。水平泄漏试验的喷射角与容器内超压变化规律相似,泄放初期喷射角逐渐增大,经历一段平坦期,到泄放末期喷射角减小。水平泄漏和垂直泄漏的初始喷射速度分别为25 m/s和20 m/s,与理论值26.6 m/s基本吻合。水平泄漏的质量流率的试验值和理论值分别为0.0598 kg/s和0.0684 kg/s,垂直泄漏的分别为0.0472 kg/s和0.059 6 kg/s,结果对比基本吻合,推荐的泄漏质量流率和小孔喷射速度公式可以用于液化四氟乙烷小孔泄漏。     

Effects of Light Zenith Angle Variation on Spectral Responses of a Water Body’s Environmental Quality

The effect of light source zenith angle (θ_z) variation on the spectral reflectance measurement from sediment-laden water was studied in the laboratory using a spectroradiometer. Light source zenith angle in addition to sediment characteristics and concentration play a dominant role in affecting the reflectance characteristics of a suspension. With an increase in θ_z values, an increase in spectral reflectance is observed. The spectral reflectance characteristics of a water body also increase with the sediment concentration for all soil types and at all wavelengths. Empirical relationships between the spectral reflectance, suspended sediment concentration, and the light source zenith angle have been developed. Such a remote sensing technique for monitoring the concentration of the suspended sediment and their characteristics is a useful tool for economical estimation of a large water body’s quality related parameters vis-a-vis its environmental quality.Retd. Professor of Environmental Engineering & Pollution Control, Presently Residing at Makkhan Kutir, Bhargava Lane, Devpura, Haridwar-249401, India.Former Ph.D. student.     

不同磁化抑尘剂对煤粉润湿性影响规律的实验研究

针对微小粒径粉尘具有危害大且难润湿的问题,基于润湿剂与磁场对水滴颗粒的耦合改性机理,研究不同磁场强度下各抑尘剂对煤粉润湿性影响,采用座滴法测定磁化试剂的煤粉表面接触角,通过粉尘润湿机理进行分析,煤尘沉降Walker实验进行佐证,得到抑尘剂种类、浓度与磁化强度对煤粉的润湿性规律。结果表明:未经磁化的高于临界胶束浓度值溶液对煤尘的润湿能力变化不大,阴离子表面活性剂溶液对煤样的润湿能力强于非离子表面活性剂溶液和阳离子表面活性剂溶液;磁化强度为500 mT的磁化溶液对煤尘润湿能力达到最佳效果。     

急倾斜上保护层开采保护效果的参数敏感度研究

为对急倾斜上保护层开采过程中,保护层开采多参数同时变化时的保护效果变化规律进行量化研究,将被保护层膨胀变形曲线的形态参数作为保护效果考察指标,基于可旋转CCD试验方案进行有限元计算,建立了保护层开采保护效果的响应面模型,得到了不同保护效果指标受多个保护层开采参数变异影响的敏感度。通过对急倾斜上保护层开采实例进行敏感度分析得到:范围相关保护效果指标受保护层开采参数变异影响的敏感度最高,位置相关保护效果指标敏感度次之,卸压程度相关保护效果指标敏感度最小。范围相关保护效果指标中,上部卸压角受侧压系数变异影响最敏感,敏感度为1.70;下部卸压角受层间距变异影响最敏感,敏感度为1.02;倾向保护范围长度受层间距变异影响最敏感,敏感度为-1.89。     

特长隧道风仓接力通风关键参数及其效果研究

通过长斜井进入正洞施工的特长隧道,往往面临独头通风距离过长、工作面风量不足等问题,造成污染物难以在规定时间排出洞外。以衢宁铁路鹫峰山隧道风仓接力施工通风为依托,采用数值模拟方法研究了风仓长度、隔板长度及风机布置方式对轴流风机通风效率的影响,分析了原压入式通风和风仓接力通风洞内CO运移特性。结果表明,风仓长度从10 m增至25 m时,轴流风机通风效率大幅提高,风仓长度大于25 m时,对轴流风机通风效率的影响不大。设置中隔板会影响空气在风仓内的分流并产生较多旋流,从而降低风机通风效率;轴流风机远离斜井端对称布置,风仓内部风流的引流速度和引流范围最大,风流运动路径最优,通风效率最高。由于压入式通风受限于斜井断面尺寸及现场布置方式,当通风距离超过3 000 m后,无法满足洞内作业环境规定的条件。在正洞与斜井交叉部位设置密封的风仓,形成接力通风,能大幅度延长通风距离,提高通风效率,改善洞内空气质量。