Interfacial effects of suspended particles on biodegradation of N (2,4 dimethyl phenyl) N'' methylformamidine hydrochloride and dibutyl phthalate in waters

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用水基表面活性剂乳液回收废白土中蜡的界面张力研究

通过测定液体与废白土粉末之间的接触角及液体与蜡之间的液液界面张力，对水基表面活性剂乳液的溶剂及配方进行了优选，得到最佳的水基面活性剂乳液的组成为：质量分数０．２％的十二烷基苯磺酸钠＋体积分数为２．５％的乙醇＋体积分数为２５％的混合烃（正己烷＋苯，等体积）＋体积分数为７２．５％的水。实验证明，用该水基表面活性剂乳液处理废白土，蜡的回收率可达８０％，同时不破坏白土的颗粒结构。     

钢绞线逐根张拉下锚墩基床沉陷所致锚索预应力损失问题

在预应力锚索锚墩下部地基岩土的基床系数较低情况下,采用钢绞线逐根张拉来施加预应力会导致较大的预应力损失以及各钢绞线较显著的预应力不均。基于锚墩基床岩土体的弹性压缩模型,理论探讨了钢绞线逐根对称循环张拉下的锚索预应力损失,及钢绞线的预应力均匀性问题。分析表明,基床系数越低,逐根张拉下的锚索预应力损失越大,且其所含各钢绞线预应力的均匀性越差;而同样荷载和基床系数下,锚索所含钢绞线根数越多, 逐根张拉后的预应力损失和不均匀性也越大。但采用分级循环张拉、正序张拉及调整、锚墩下部一定扩散角填石等工序及措施有助于减轻预应力损失和解决不均匀性问题。     

气浮过程中的界面相互作用

首先讨论了水体颗粒物的基本性质以及气泡的形成过程，而后对气液界面上胶体颗粒的吸附进行分析。其次讨论了气浮过程中，气泡与颗粒物之间的相互作用。对气泡与颗粒物之间的碰撞进行分析。结合紊流气浮的理论与应用，在气浮过程中的界面相互作用分析的基础上。设计了一种新型集成的溶气气浮水处理工艺，即逆流共聚气浮工艺，并对其运行情况进行了研究。探讨了其中的界面相互作用对气浮效果的影响，进一步与传统工艺进行了对比。     

The effect of oxygen tension on colony formation and cell proliferation of amniotic fluid cellsin vitro

The effects of reduced oxygen concentrations in the gas phase over the culture medium on colony formation and cell proliferation were investigated in high and low cell density primary and secondary cultures of amniotic fluid cells. Using two standard culture methods (25 cm² plastic flasks and Leighton type tubes) a significantly reduced culture time was observed at high cell density for mass cultures by incubation within a low oxygen tension gas phase (2.5 per cent to 7.5 per cent O₂) instead of conventional air (18 per cent O₂). At low cell density colony formation was significantly enhanced in cultures grown at reduced oxygen tension. Using gas permeable membranes as support, lowering the oxygen tension from 7.5 per cent to 2.5 per cent yielded an increase in plating efficiency of cells from approximately 5 per cent to 25 per cent, whereas plating efficiency was less than 2 per cent for cells grown at ambient 18 per cent O₂. It is suggested that low oxygen tension in the gas phase is an effective means of enhancing clonal growth in amniotic fluid cell cultures, thereby reducing both culture time and risk of culture failure.     

极性基湿润剂与矿岩类粉尘颗粒的作用机理

根据矿岩类粉尘微颗粒的表面性质和极性基湿润剂的特性，应用分子热力学和表面物理化学理论探讨了湿润型抑尘剂与矿岩类粉尘之间的相互作用机理。矿岩类粉尘吸附水的本质是由于它们之间的相互吸引作用，是分子之间的短程相互作用力和长程作用力共同作用的结果。当矿岩类粉尘与水相碰撞时，只有当吸引力大于排斥力时，水分子才能牯附于矿岩类粉尘，表面张力和体系自由能足够小时，水才能湿润矿岩类粉尘。分析了湿润剂对水和矿岩类粉尘的表面改性的原理，它增加水和矿岩类粉尘之间的相互作用力，减小了界面表面张力和体系自由能，使矿岩粉尘被水湿润能自由地进行。     

膜污染层微生物与聚丙烯微滤膜间的界面作用及其吸附特征

采用热力学方法及界面吸附理论,对2株膜污染层微生物(Aeromonas veronii M4、Aeromonas caviae N25)与聚丙烯(PP)微滤膜间的界面作用及吸附特征进行研究.结果表明,Aeromonas veronii M4与PP膜表面均表现出明显的疏水性特征,而Aeromonas caviae N25则呈现亲水性特征,并且A.veronii M4的运动性能也要高于A.caviae N25;另外,2株细菌及PP膜的表面均带有负电荷,表现出明显的电子供体特征,而Lewis酸碱分量U_(mlb)~(AB)则在2株细菌与PP膜的界面作用能中占据着主导地位;依据XDLVO理论,A.caviae N25及A.veronii M4与PP膜之间的总界面作用能均为负值,表明二者在膜上的吸附是一个主动吸附过程,而A.veronii M4-PP膜之间的界面作用能负值最大,说明A.veronii M4具有较高的吸附能力;静态吸附结果则表明,A.veronii M4在PP膜上的吸附量要明显高于A.caviae N25,而2株菌在膜上的吸附行为可由准二级动力学模型进行描述.     

The interaction between some human obstacles and birds

Some of the literature pertinent to the interactions of birds of flight and man made obstacles, such as transmission lines is reviewed here. Some birds use these towers, poles, and buildings for nesting and perches. They also collide with them. Original observations presented here suggest that the environmental impacts of these types of obstacles on birds, and vice-versa, seem not due to the inability of the birds to perceive the obstacles, but rather that the birds are apparently distracted from a safe flight pattern by their own species, or by others. Editor's Note: Although this paper is quite specialized in comparison with many other articles published in Environmental Management, I feel it is a very useful overview of the problems and the literature related to bird collisions with manmade obstacles. It is hoped that the information presented by the Willards will be helpful to other workers who are perhaps engaged in preparing environmental impact statements concerning structures that could invite bird collisions.     

河口-近海环境新污染物的环境过程、效应与风险

在全球变化和人类活动双重影响下,大量陆源污染物特别是备受各国政府和民众关注的微塑料、新型持久性有机污染物以及药物和个人护理品等新污染物进入水体环境并迁移扩散,对近海生态环境安全和人体健康产生了巨大影响.综述国内外微塑料、全/多氟化合物、抗生素和内分泌干扰物等新污染物在河口-近海环境中的污染来源、时空分布和迁移传输等环境过程及其影响因素,分析探讨近海水生生态系统中新污染物产生的不良生态效应和风险,提出未来研究重点应关注河口-近海环境中多种新污染物的相互作用和新污染物产生的联合生态毒理效应及造成的生态和健康风险等,为陆海统筹下的海洋污染防治和海洋经济的健康发展提供科学依据.