Cadmium sulfide nanoparticle induces oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory effects in human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells

Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdSNP) are increasingly used in biological applications. This study was undertaken to understand the mechanisms underlying adverse effects of CdSNP using human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial (A549) cells. Cellular toxicity was evaluated by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide and neutral red assays. Results showed that CdSNP reduced mitochondrial function and induced lysosomal activity in concentration and time-dependent manner. CdSNP produced oxidative stress as evidenced by reduction of glutathione (GSH) levels and increase in reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation levels. Induction of caspase-3 enzymes and condensed, fragmented nuclei was observed in CdSNP-treated cells. Furthermore, the levels of interleukin-8, tumor growth factor and DNA fragmentation were significantly higher in CdSNP exposed cells. Data indicated that toxicity of CdSNP noted in A549 cells may be mediated through oxidative stress. This study warrants more comprehensive assessment of CdSNP prior to industrial applications.     

全氟辛酸诱导斑马鱼脾脏损伤及白细胞介素表达紊乱的免疫毒效应研究

全氟辛酸(PFOA)是新型持久性有机污染物,在水生生态系统多介质环境中广泛分布,其对水生生物的致毒机理备受关注.本文应用透射电镜和实时荧光定量PCR技术,研究了PFOA(0.05、0.1、0.5和1 mg·L-1)在7 d和14 d两个不同暴露时间段对斑马鱼脾脏的损伤效应及对白介素指标IL-1β、IL-4和IL-21表达的影响.结果表明,PFOA能够明显导致斑马鱼脾脏损伤,脾脏细胞呈现细胞膜皱缩和空泡化等特征.PFOA能够明显干扰斑马鱼脾脏白介素的表达.对于7 d暴露组,IL-1β和IL-4在m RNA水平的相对表达量随着暴露剂量的增加呈现出明显的先上升后下降的趋势;而IL-21的相对表达量随着暴露剂量的增加不断上升.对于14 d暴露组,IL-1β和IL-21在m RNA水平的相对表达量随着暴露剂量的增加呈现出明显的先上升后下降的趋势;而IL-4的相对表达量随着暴露剂量的增加不断上升.线性相关性分析表明,当暴露时间为7 d时,IL-1β表达量与IL-4表达量的相关系数为0.53;当暴露时间为14 d时,IL-1β表达量与IL-21表达量的相关系数为0.50,这说明PFOA诱导不同时间段后,斑马鱼脾脏IL-1β的表达量分别受IL-4和IL-21表达的影响.综上,本研究证实全氟辛酸能够通过诱导白介素表达的紊乱而导致斑马鱼免疫系统损伤,存在明显的剂量-效应特征.白介素IL-1β、IL-4和IL-21可以作为监测PFOA对水生生物健康风险评价研究的重要生物标志物.