离子交换树脂光度法测定微量铁的研究

研究了以阳离子交换树脂为显色载体，利用直接吸附在树脂上有色络合物－Fe(II)邻二氮菲的吸光度，借以检测水和火腿肠中铁的新方法，本法具有比原子吸收法更高的灵敏度，稳定性和选择性，并对成络及树脂吸附条件作了较详细研究。     

Using Ion-Exchange Resins to Study Soil Response to Experimental Watershed Acidification

Ion-exchange resins (IER) offer alternative approaches to measuring ionic movement in soils that may have advantages over traditional approaches in some settings, but more information is needed to understand how IER compare with traditional methods of measurement in forested ecosystems. At the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM), one of two paired, forested watersheds is treated bi-monthly with S and N (28.8 and 25.2kgha⁻¹yr⁻¹ of S and N, respectively). Both IER and ceramic cup tension lysimeters were used to study soil solution responses after ∼11 years of treatment. Results from both methods showed treatments resulted in the mobilization of base cations and Al, and higher SO₄—S and inorganic N in the treated watershed. Both methods indicated similar differences in results associated with forest type (hardwoods versus softwoods), a result of differences in litter quality and atmospheric aerosol interception capacity. The correlation between lysimeter and IER data for individual analytes varied greatly. Significant correlations were evident for Na (r=0.75), Al (r=0.65), Mn (r=0.61), Fe (r=0.57), Ca (r=0.49), K (r=0.41) and NO₃—N (r=0.59). No correlation was evident between IER and soil solution data for NH₄—N and Pb. Both IER and soil solution techniques suggested similar interpretations of biogeochemical behavior in the watershed.     

网状季胺基阴离子吸附剂制备及吸附性能

以丝瓜络为原料,采用醚化-接枝技术制备出季胺基阴离子交换吸附剂。采用电镜扫描、傅里叶红外光谱、比表面积孔径分布测定仪和元素分析仪等仪器对其进行分析和结构表征,并考察了温度、p H和硝酸盐初始浓度等因素对NO-3去除率的影响。实验结果表明,在20℃,p H值为3~10时,NO-3的吸附率可达90%左右;在不同温度下该吸附过程用Langmuir等温线模型和Freundich等温线模型描述均可;与伪一级动力学方程相比,伪二级动力学方程能更好地描述其吸附动力学方程。     

USE OF X-RAY FLUORESCENCE TO DETERMINE TRACE METALS IN WATER RESOURCES1

ABSTRACT. The X-ray fluorescence method was used to analyze trace metals collected in particulate form on filter papers and from the ionic state by ion exchange filter papers. The samples were prepared by allowing water to pass through these filter papers. The procedures necessary for using the X-ray fluorescence method are described. A number of samples were taken from the Great Miami River in Dayton, Ohio over one year showing the presence of the following metals, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sr, and Cd. Elements in the periodic table between Ti and Cs were detectable to a sensitivity limit of the order of 30 ppb for metals in the particulate form and 0.4 ppm for metals in the ionic form.     

离子交换膜应用于光/电/化学协同催化反应器

在光/电/化学协同催化反应器中,以离子交换膜代替盐桥连通阴、阳两室,以30 mg/L的甲基红溶液为目标降解物,考察了不同连通方式、初始pH和阴极电位对反应的影响. 结果表明:甲基红在阳离子膜型反应器中的表观反应速率常数明显高于盐桥型及阴离子交换膜型反应器,这是由于阳离子交换膜可以及时有效地将阳极室中产生的H+转移至阴极室中参与阴极反应. 甲基红在阳离子膜型反应器中的去除率随溶液初始pH的增高而降低,随阴极电位的增加先增大后减小,最佳反应条件为pH=2.0～3.0,阴极电位(-E_c)=0.6 V.      

炼油厂含油冷却水处理回用技术研究

开展了O3 氧化和强碱性阴离子交换组合工艺用于炼油厂含油冷却水回用处理的实验研究。结果表明 ,O3 氧化过程中的最佳pH值约为 10 .5 ,O3 氧化的除油效率为 86 .7% (紫外法测定 ) ,去除 1mg石油类约需消耗 5 .7mgO3 ,O3 氧化后产物以乙酸和丙酸等挥发性脂肪酸为主。离子交换处理后油的含量达到未检出的水平。研究结果表明 ,O3 氧化和离子交换组合处理技术能使炼油厂含油冷却水达到回用水水质标准。     

味精离交污水生物脱硫处理技术

通过试验，对味精离交污水的生物脱硫处理技术进行研究，结果表明，该脱硫处理技术的最佳脱硫效率可达95％。经生物脱硫后的污水可顺利地进行厌氧生化处理，极大地降低该污水的处理成本。     

离子交换树脂再生水回用的实验研究

在油田稠油注蒸汽所需的离子交换树脂系统中,再生盐水仅能一次性使用,外排盐水会对水体、耕地和环境产生不良的影响。对离子交换树脂再生盐水回用工艺进行了实验研究。实验结果表明:当HJ-1与HJ-3、HJ-4、HJ-5联合使用时,再生盐水中镁离子的浓度可大幅度地降低。几种药剂对再生盐水中钙离子的去除作用效果各不相同,HJ-4对钙的处理效果明显优于HJ-3与HJ-5。现场实验表明:采用复配药剂处理含盐废水,可以实现含盐废水的回用。目前该处理工艺已在某些油田应用,取得了良好的运行效果。     

原油对纳米SiO2/聚偏氟乙烯离子膜的污染及清洗技术研究

聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜的疏水性限制了其在水处理领域的应用.采用纳米SiO2/PVDF离子膜电渗析对含原油高矿化度污水进行膜污染试验.结果表明,纳米SiO2/PVDF离子膜抗油珠污染的能力较强于PVDF膜.乳化油珠在电场的作用下向阴离子膜表面迁移,并在阴离子膜表面浓集、聚并,形成油膜,堵塞离子通道,少量原油以憎水膜的形式覆盖于活性基团上.扫描电镜和能谱分析表明,膜面有机污染物主要是石油类污染物,无机污染物主要是CaCO3等无机物污垢.原油污染的纳米Si02/PVDF离子膜的较佳清洗方法为碱-表面活性剂法.     

Comparison of different combined treatment processes to address the source water with high concentration of natural organic matter during snowmelt period

The source water in one forest region of the Northeast China had very high natural organic matter (NOM) concentration and heavy color during snowmelt period. The efficiency of five combined treatment processes was compared to address the high concentration of NOM and the mechanisms were also analyzed. Conventional treatment can hardly remove dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the source water. KMnO₄ pre-oxidization could improve the DOC removal to 22.0%. Post activated carbon adsorption improved the DOC removal of conventional treatment to 28.8%. The non-sufficient NOM removal could be attributed to the dominance of large molecular weight organic matters in raw water, which cannot be adsorbed by the micropore upon activated carbon. O₃ + activated carbon treatment are another available technology for eliminating the color and UV₂₅₄ in water. However, its performance of DOC removal was only 36.4%, which could not satisfy the requirement for organicmatter. The limited ozone dosage is not sufficient to mineralize the high concentration of NOM. Magnetic ion-exchange resin combined with conventional treatment could remove 96.2% of color, 96.0% of UV₂₅₄ and 87.1% of DOC, enabling effluents to meet the drinking water quality standard. The high removal efficiency could be explained by the negative charge on the surface of NOM which benefits the static adsorption of NOM on the anion exchange resin. The results indicated that magnetic ion-exchange resin combined with conventional treatment is the best available technology to remove high concentration of NOM.