冀西北黄土丘陵沟壑区梯田地埂植物篱的固埂作用与效益分析

经对张家口地区梯田地埂植物篱的研究表明 ,其固埂作用非常显著 ,且能够改善土壤的理化性状及水分状况 ,有效地拦蓄地表径流及泥沙 ,提高作物产量 ,具有明显的经济效益 ,在当地具有很广泛的推广应用价值     

陡坡地灌桑垄槽栽培研究

陡坡地灌桑垄槽栽培研究结果,免除土壤侵蚀的危害,其５０ｃｍ、１００ｃｍ土壤中,比对照区持水量高１０.２０％～３３.６７％、８.２７％～６５.３７％,含全氮率为对照的９０％,含全磷率高２.９％、２６.２％,含全钾率高３.１８％、８.０１％,而水解氮均为对照的６１.５％,速效磷高较对照３９.０２％、９７.７２％,速效钾为对照的９１.４８％、９２.５４％。公顷产桑叶量和蚕茧量均较对照高５～１０倍,经济效益较对照高１１.８８倍。     

武汉市长江北岸耕地中多环芳烃垂向与纵向分布特征

文章对武汉市长江北岸农用耕地中多环芳烃的含量进行了调查。结果表明除紧靠马路边一个点位的荧蒽浓度高于荷兰制定的土壤修复标准之外,其余各点各类多环芳烃均在此标准值之内;随着点位距污染源越远多环芳烃的含量越来越低;并且多环芳烃在垂直方向上的迁移存在色谱效应。通过分析不同采样点土壤中的多环芳烃含量,分析得出结论汽车尾气所排放的...     

盾构隧道纵向地震响应简化动力有限元法分析(英文)

本文重点关注对盾构隧道的纵向地震响应分析方法的研究,提出了一种简化的动力有限元分析方法。这种方法采纳了响应位移法的一些基本思想,采用和响应位移法一样的环梁和土弹簧模型,但采用动力有限元法来评估地基地震动,而摒弃了响应位移法中采用的地基振动为谐波形式的假定。与响应位移法相比,简化动力有限元法能够提高地基震动的计算精度,从而提高结构响应的计算精度;而与三维连续模型相比,新方法的计算规模小得多,从而能够大幅提高计算效率。然后,本文分别采用相应位移法和新提出的简化动力有限元法,对武汉长江隧道盾构段隧道进行了纵向地震响应分析,并对这2种方法计算结果的差异进行了分析。     

高台位旱地石灰性紫色土培肥研究

本文研究了高台位旱地石灰性紫色土的肥力退化因子,并针对紫色母岩矿质养分丰富、易风化成土的特点,以一种培肥耕作法-聚土免耕耕作法培肥土壤。结果表明,采用此耕作法的土壤具有防蚀、抗旱、培肥和自调能力,能提高系统生产力。     

MEASURED AND PREDICTED VELOCITY AND LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION AT STEAI)Y AND UNSTEADY FLOW,COLORADO RIVER,GLEN CANYON DAM TO LAKE MEAD1

ABSTRACT: The effect of unsteadiness of dam releases on velocity and longitudinal dispersion of flow was evaluated by injecting a fluorescent dye into the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam and sampling for dye concentration at selected sites downstream. Measurements of a 26-kilometer reach of Glen Canyon, just below Glen Canyon Dam, were made at nearly steady dam releases of 139, 425, and 651 cubic meters per second. Measurements of a 380-kilometer reach of Grand Canyon were made at steady releases of 425 cubic meters per second and at unsteady releases with a daily mean of about 425 cubic meters per second. In Glen Canyon, average flow velocity through the study reach increased directly with discharge, but dispersion was greatest at the lowest of the three flows measured. In Grand Canyon, average flow velocity varied slightly from subreach to subreach at both steady and unsteady flow but was not significantly different at steady and unsteady flow over the entire study reach. Also, longitudinal dispersion was not significantly different during steady and unsteady flow. Long tails on the time-concentration curves at a site, characteristic of most rivers but not predicted by the one-dimensional theory, were not found in this study. Absence of tails on the curves shows that, at the measured flows, the eddies that are characteristic of the Grand Canyon reach do not trap water for a significant length of time. Data from the measurements were used to calibrate a one-dimensional flow model and a solute-transport model. The combined set of calibrated flow and solute-transport models was then used to predict velocity and dispersion at potential dam-release patterns.     

THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF RESERVOIR CONSTRUCTION IN THE URBAN FRINGE: A TEN-YEAR COMPARISON1

ABSTRACT This paper examines the social impact of reservoir construction on a rural community group located in the urban fringe of a major metropolitan area in central Ohio. The study data were collected at three intervals over a ten-year period (1970, 1974, 1980). Evaluation of resident opinions in the affected community revealed significant attitude differences over time for four of the five variables measured. The findings revealed that the study group desired more social stability but had accommodated the changes experienced to date. Responses to the attitude scales showed that the people in the study group were well integrated and were closely identified with each other at all three test periods. Attitudes toward the lake project were significantly more positive over time, and in 1980 the collective community group held a basically neutral attitude about the lake. The development agency was also perceived more positively over time.     

Contour Farming Based on Natural Vegetative Strips: Expanding the Scope for Increased Food Crop Production on Sloping Lands in Asia

In the agriculture of the future, there is a compelling place for agroecologically-based practices alongside practices based on the best available chemical, genetic, and engineering components. This paper explores this issue in the context of the development and spread of a conservation farming system based on natural vegetative contour buffer strips in smallholder production systems in southeast Asia. Farmers adapted contour hedgerow farming practices into a simpler, buffer-strip system as a labor-saving measure to conserve soil and sustain yields on steeply sloping cropland in Claveria, Mindanao, Philippines. Permanent-ridge tillage systems were also adapted to smallholder farming systems by researchers. Natural vegetative buffer strips resulted in gradually increasing yields, with an estimated benefit of 0.5t/ha/crop. They were seen to increase land values, facilitate investment in more intensive and profitable cropping systems, and expand the land base for food crop agriculture. They induced an institutional innovation of farmer-led Landcare organizations, which have spread this and other agroforestry practices to thousands of households in the southern Philippines.     

山东省的干旱化特征分析

利用山东省近50多年的农业旱灾灾情资料和降水资料，分析了干旱灾情和致灾因子的变化特征。结果指出：20世纪70年代后期以来，6—9月份西太平洋副高脊线位置偏南，山东省的汛期降水量有明显的减少趋势，导致干旱灾害的受灾面积明显增大。进入90年代以后，与1961—1976年相比，干燥度指数普遍增大，半岛东部及黄河以北地区干燥程度增大得最为明显，半岛东部、鲁东南及鲁南的大部分地区由湿润区演变成了半湿润区，而黄河以北绝大部分地区及鲁中北部、半岛西北部的局部地区则由半湿润区演变成了半干旱地区。造成干燥度变化的主要原因是降水量的变化，其次是积温的变化。     

RIDGE REGRESSION TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO LANDSAT INVESTIGATION OF WATER QUALITY IN LAKE OKEECHOBEE1

ABSTRACT: Landsat radiance values were processed at two different (single and double) levels of accuracy to estimate chlorophyll a, turbidity, and suspended sediment in Lake Okeechobee, Florida. Both ordinary least square and ridge regression analyses were used to establish a relationship between water quality parameters and Landsat radiance. Radiance measurements made at greater precision (double level) gave a better solution in this application. The ridge regression analysis for double level not only can reduce the total mean square error about 13–20 percent and confidence interval about 6–28 percent as compared to ordinary least square analysis, but it can also change the interpretation of analysis results.