浅生钙质胶结对古环境研究的意义

岩体的胶结现象需要特定的形成环境,因此通过研究胶结物的胶结特点、年龄、胶结物成分等现状,来反应胶结岩体所处的古环境条件,为了解古大地以及古气候的演化规律,提供一个研究平台。     

Palaeorunoff estimations achieved from palaeoclimatic information for the southwest part of the North China Plain: an attempt to apply a climatological approach to palaeohydrology

Palaeoclimatic scenario projecting annual temperature and annual precipitation is firstly formalized with data available and speculations for the southwest part of the North China Plain (35- 37°N, 115-119°E) during the last 25000 years. Then, with three regression equations relating annual runoff to annual precipitation and derived with data of modern hydrological and meteorological records, values of annual runoff are calculated in terms of the corresponding values of annual precipitation from this palaeoclimatic scenario for this region during this temporal interval. These results indicate that runoff is the most during 8000-3000a B.P. and the least during 25000-12000 a B. P.; runoff occurring during 12000-8000 a B.P. and during 3000-0 a B.P. is less than the one occurring during 8000-3000 a B.P. and more than the one occurring during 25000-12000 a B. P.; and the runoff occurring during 25000-12000 a B. P., 12000-8000 a B. P., and 3000-0 a B.P. is respectively 43, 46 and 66 percent of the one occurring during 8000-3000 a B.P. Values of bankfull discharge for palaeochannels of the Yellow River flowing in this region during the same interval are calculated from available estimates of slope of stream-bed of these palaeochannels with a regression equation relating bankfull discharge to slope of stream-bed and ratios of bankfull-discharge are further calculated from these values for different groups of palaeochannel formed during different time spans embraced in this interval. To conduct a cross-check, these values and ratios of bankfull-discharge are compared to the corresponding values and ratios of runoff occurring during roughly the same time spans. The same direction and similar relative magnitude of changes of the surface water occurring in this region during the last 25000 years are indicated by these comparisons.     

末次冰期以来青州黄土光释光测年及其对古气候的指示

黄河下游湿润-半湿润地区的鲁中黄土-古土壤沉积,是记录东亚季风气候变化的良好载体。山东青州邵庄黄土剖面粗颗粒石英(63—90 μm)光释光年代和磁化率、粒度、色度以及主量元素测试结果表明：(1)邵庄黄土末次冰期以来((51.3±2.5)—(8.1±1.1) ka)沉积连续;(2)与粒度、磁化率和色度指标相比,化学蚀变指数能够更灵敏地反映冰期-间冰期沉积旋回;(3)粒度结果表明“古土壤”层中值粒径(16.9—24.6 μm)明显高于下伏黄土层中值粒径(11.8—22.7 μm),主要是因为近源沉积在总的沉积通量中所占比例在冰期-间冰期尺度上的变化;(4)灰黑色“古土壤”层底界年龄为(19.1±1.6) ka,明显老于黄土高原全新世古土壤层底界年代(约10—11 ka),其既包含全新世沉积的加积型土壤,也包含下伏末次冰期黄土层基础上受风化、淋溶形成的非加积型土壤。虽然研究区的“古土壤”包含非加积型土壤,记录了间冰期风化成壤过程,但依然能够反映冰期-间冰期气候旋回,是东亚乃至全球气候变化的产物。     

Palaeorunoff estimations achieved from palaeoclimatic information for the southwest part of the North China Plain: an attempt to apply a climatological approach to palaeohydrology

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＲｕｎｏｆｆｉｓｔｈａｔｐａｒｔｏｆｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｉｏｎｔｈａｔａｐｐｅａｒｓｉｎｓｕｒｆａｃｅｓｔｒｅａｍｓ (Ｌａｎｇｂｅｉｎ ,1949) .Ｉｔｓｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｓｆｒｏｍ ｐｌａｃｅｔｏｐｌａｃｅａｎｄｆｒｏｍｔｉｍｅｔｏｔｉｍｅａｒｅｄｏｍｉｎａｎｔｌｙａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎ ｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｉｏｎ .Ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ ,ａｓｉｔａｆｆｅｃｔｓｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｅｖａｐｏ ｔｒａｎｓｐｉｒ…     

生物壳体Sr/Ca、Mg/Ca、~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值在恢复古气候、古环境中的应用——以小渡口剖面为例

生物壳体的Sr/Ca、Mg/Ca比值能反映其沉积水体的Sr/Ca、Mg/Ca比值 ,在一定条件下反映水体的盐度、温度 ,并分别与宿生水体的盐度、温度呈正比关系。生物壳体的87Sr/ 86Sr比值是恢复盆地古水文条件的一种重要手段。本文以著名的泥河湾盆地小渡口剖面的第 2 8层为实例 ,力图通过对有孔虫、介形虫、腹足类生物壳体Sr/Ca、Mg/Ca比值与87Sr/ 86Sr比值的对比研究 ,并结合前人所作的中更新世古地理特征研究 ,来恢复生物壳体沉积时泥河湾古湖水的温度、盐度 ,进而进行古气候、古环境的恢复。研究结果表明 :在 0 .97～ 0 .94Ma间 ,古泥河湾湖为一陆相湖泊 ,湖水的温度、盐度变化趋势相吻合 ,均呈低—高—低的演化特征 ,可能对应着盆地水体的扩展—退缩—扩展变化。其中 ,在 0 .96～ 0 .95Ma间 ,古泥河湾湖具有较高的温度、盐度特征。     

对福建深沪海底古森林遗址古地理环境的探讨

前人在1987年就开始对福建深沪海底古森林遗址进行了研究,本文在前人调查研究工作的基础上,通过钻探、坑探、14C测年、微体古生物分析等工作,探讨了福建深沪海底古森林遗址古地理环境及海陆变迁情况。该海底古森林生长于全新世长乐组冲洪积地层中,距今约7 000~7 700 a,为湿热气候环境。牡蛎的生长环境为滨海泥滩环境,距今约26 000~27 000 a左右和距今约4 500 a,处于海侵影响范围。研究表明该处经历过多次海陆变迁。