邻苯二甲酸酯在黄河沉积物上的吸附特性

文章利用反相高效液相色谱技术研究了黄河兰州段沉积物对水中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)的吸附动力学,以及DMP、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸正二丙酯(DnPrP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)在沉积物上共存的等温吸附行为,探讨了助溶剂甲醇、离子强度等对吸附的影响。结果表明,在一定的浓度范围内,DMP在沉积物上的吸附速率先快后慢;DMP、DEP在沉积物上的等温吸附行为符合线性方程,而DnPrP、DBP的吸附等温线以Freundlich方程拟合最佳;沉积物对DMP的吸附容量还随着离子强度和溶液中甲醇百分比含量的增大而降低。     

Ru/AC催化臭氧氧化难生物降解有机物

研究了臭氧单独氧化和Ru/AC催化臭氧氧化DMP、酚类物质和消毒副产物前体物.结果表明,Ru/AC能显著提高臭氧氧化中有机物的矿化效果.在DMP降解中,反应100 min后TOC的去除率由单独臭氧氧化的28.84%提高到66.13%.在23种酚类物质降解中,反应60min后TOC的去除率由单独臭氧的9.57%~56.08%提高到41.81%~82.32%.相对于单独臭氧,Ru/AC催化臭氧氧化更能有效地降低水源水中消毒副产物的生成势,以卤乙酸生成势的降低最为明显,100 min后卤乙酸生成势由144.02μg/L降到58.50μg/L,低于美国环保局规定的限制浓度60μg/L.而使用单独臭氧处理并不能使卤乙酸生成势降到符合美国EPA的规定.比较了BAC、O3+BAC、O3/AC+BAC以及Ru/AC+O3+BAC工艺处理水源水的效果,TOC平均去除率分别为3.80%、20.14%、27.45%和48.30%;COD平均去除率分别为4.37%、27.22%、39.91%和50.00%;UV254去除率分别为8.16%、62.24%、67.03%和84.95%.Ru/AC+O3+BAC工艺相比其他工艺,更能有效地...     

Diminution of migration of phthalic acid esters in tequila beverage by the year of production

Abstract

The presence of diethyl-phthalate (DEP), dibutyl-phthalate (DBP), butylbenzyl-phthalate (BBP), diethylhexyl-phthalate (DEHP) and diisononyl-phthalate (DINP) was determined in 295 tequila samples. They were grouped by age of maturation (white, aged, extra aged or ultra aged) and year of production (between 2013 and 2018). Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry was used for identification and quantification. The results showed that 65 samples (22% of the total) were phthalate free. DEP (0.13-0.27?mg/kg), BBP (0.05–2.91?mg/kg) and DINP (1.64–3.43?mg/kg) were detected in 11 (3.73%), 37 (12.54%) and 5 (1.69%) samples, respectively. But, these concentrations did not exceed the maximum permitted limits (MPL) of phthalates for alcoholic beverages. DBP (0.01–2.20?mg/kg) and DEHP (0.03–4.64?mg/kg) were detected in 96 (32.54%) and 224 (75.93%) samples, from them only 10 (3.39%) and 15 (5.08%) samples, respectively, exceeded the MPL for alcoholic beverages and they were few tequilas produced in the year 2014 or before. DEHP was the most frequent phthalate found in tequila and observed DEHP concentrations were 2-times higher in ultra aged tequilas compared to those in white tequilas. We concluded that all tequilas produced in 2015 and after, satisfied the international standards for these compounds.     

Anaerobic degradation of diethyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate from river sediment in Taiwan

We investigated anaerobic degradation rates for three phthalate esters (PAEs), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), from river sediment in Taiwan. The respective anaerobic degradation rate constants for DEP, DBP, and DEHP were observed as 0.045, 0.074, and 0.027 1/day, with respective half-lives of 15.4, 9.4, and 25.7 days under optimal conditions of 30 °C and pH 7.0. Anaerobic degradation rates were enhanced by the addition of the surfactants brij 35 and triton N101 at a concentration of 1 critical micelle concentration (CMC), and by the addition of yeast extract. Degradation rates were inhibited by the addition of acetate, pyruvate, lactate, FeCl₃, MnO₂, NaCl, heavy metals, and nonylphenol. Our results indicate that methanogen, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and eubacteria are involved in the degradation of PAEs.     

高效液相色谱法测定水中的六种邻苯二甲酸酯研究

建立了高效液相色谱法测定水中六种邻苯二甲酸酯(邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻笨二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯)的检测方法.对水样中邻苯二甲酸酯的萃取条件和高效液相色谱分析条件进行优化,采用正己烷二次萃取,浓缩定容后分析,以乙腈-水为流动相梯度洗脱,紫外检测波长226 nm,16 min可将六种邻苯二甲酸酯分离出.方法的检出限为0.13μg/L ～0.37 μg/L,加标回收率为78.6％～118.5％,相对标准偏差为0.82％～2.17％,是一种理想的测定水中六种邻苯二甲酸酯的方法.     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯影响阿尔茨海默病大鼠学习记忆能力的分子机制研究

为探究邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)影响阿尔茨海默病(AD)大鼠学习记忆能力的分子机制,将56只SPF级5～6周龄雌性Wistar大鼠随机平均分为7组:阴性对照组、0.25 mg·kg-1·d-1 DBP 组、2.5 mg·kg-1·d-1 DBP 组、25 mg·kg-1·d-1 DBP 组、250 mg·kg-1·d-...     

辉光放电等离子体氧化降解水中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯

研究了辉光放电等离子体降解水中典型的环境内分泌干扰物邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)及降解过程中过氧化氢(H2O2)的生成规律。考察了电解质种类、共存污染物(甲醇、叔丁醇)及催化剂等条件对DBP降解及H2O2生成的影响。结果表明,在硫酸钠溶液中DBP降解效率和H2O2生成速率最高;甲醇、叔丁醇等共存污染物对DBP降解和H2O2生成有抑制作用;Fe2+,Fe3+和Cu2+对DBP的降解有催化作用,其催化效果为Fe2+>Fe3+>Cu2+。用高效液相色谱、离子色谱及气质联用仪等仪器分析了降解中间产物,提出了可能的降解机理。     

大气环境中气相和颗粒相上酞酸酯的分析

本文选用聚氨基甲酸酯泡沫塑料(PUFP)吸附块和玻璃纤维摅膜(GF)构成大气全态采样头,捕集大气中气相和颗粒相中酞酸酯化合物,样品经提取分离后用气相色谱(GC)进行测定。以呼和浩特市居民区相草原对照区为采样点,分析夏冬雨季大气中酞酸酯(DNBP和DEHP)。结果表明,冬季大气气相中,DNBP和DEHP平均浓度为0.46和1.89μg/m~3,夏季为2.19和1.82μg/m~3;大气颗粒物相,冬季平均为1.34和1.66μg/m~3,夏季为0.51和0.36μg/m~3。夏季大气气相酞酸酯含量高,冬季大气颗粒相酞酸酯含量高。草原对照区大气颗粒物上DNBP和DEHP的平均浓度为0.17和0.14μg/m~3,夏季为0.23和0.10μg/m~3。DNBP和DEHP在大气全态中的总含量冬季和夏季较为接近。     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的微生物降解

通过驯化富集培养,从处理石化厂废水的活性污泥中分离出１株邻苯二甲酸酯降解菌ＦＳＩ,研究了邻苯二甲酸酯菌ＦＳＩ对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的生物降解特性。邻苯二甲酸酯降解菌ＦＳＩ降解最适酸度为ｐＨ６．５～８．０,温度为２０～３５℃。菌株ＦＳＩ对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的生物降解反应速率遵循一级反应动力学模式。试验结果表明,菌株ＦＳＩ对邻苯二甲本二丁酯具有高效降解作用。     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对短裸甲藻的抑制机制研究

为揭示化感物质邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate,DBP)对短裸甲藻(Gymnodinium breve)的抑制机制,研究了DBP对短裸甲藻丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)含量、亚显微结构、不同超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)的影响.结果表明,DBP引起了细胞MDA的积累,3 mg.L-1的DBP处理组在72 h处出现最大值,为0.34μmol.(109cells)-1,是对照组的2.3倍;细胞膜出现大量突起,细胞内形成大量液泡,膜结构解体最终空洞、死亡.CuZn-SOD位于藻细胞质,在DBP影响下,活性升高,表明藻细胞质(包括细胞膜)内积累的ROS诱导了酶的活性;而位于线粒体的Mn-SOD活性降低,可能是由于ROS在线粒体内积累过度导致其失活,DBP可能通过作用于短裸甲藻线粒体和细胞膜,从而引起藻细胞氧化损伤,最终导致细胞空洞化死亡.该结果对赤潮化感抑制剂的实际应用具有理论指导作用.