Uptake of seven metals by two macrophytes species: potential for phytoaccumulation and phytoremediation

Aquatic macrophytes can be used in the studies of quality of water ecosystems and in monitoring of metals and other pollutants. The aim of this study was to assess concentration levels, accumulation and distribution of seven metals in selected plant parts of Typha angustifolia L. and Iris pseudacorus L., in comparison with sediment and water samples of a reservoir. Metal content in the samples was determined by optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES iCAP 6500). The concentrations of all examined metals were higher in the sediment than in the water samples. In plants, metal concentrations depended on plant species and organs. The roots/rhizomes were primary organs for metal concentration and accumulation. T. angustifolia L. accumulated Mn and Cu, and I. pseudacorus L. accumulated Cd and Cu in the fruits. T. angustifolia L. hyperaccumulated As. The values of enrichment coefficients and translocation factors were: 0 to 3.31 and 0 to 2.39, respectively. The plant species investigated absorb, translocate and accumulate metals in their organs differently, which provides advantages in combining them for remediation of wasted aquatic ecosystems.     

铜的植物毒性与植物蓄积的关系

重金属是一类重要的环境污染物,铜是其中毒性大、分布广的一种。本文介绍了铜对植物的毒性与植物蓄积之间的关系,认为植物对铜的蓄积部位和络合方式能极大地影响铜的毒性。过量的铜能影响细胞膜的透性和细胞内酶系统的活性,影响光和色素的合成及光合作用过程。细胞壁是植物蓄积铜的重要部位;植物体内的络合物质能在细胞内将铜络合而解毒。     

放射性核素土壤-植物吸收与钍、镭富集植物的发现

对采集珠江三角洲从化、台山等地的11种植物以及对应的土壤样品,采用HPGe-γ能谱分析了其中的天然放射性核素²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th和⁴⁰K的比活度.结果表明,土壤样品中²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th和⁴⁰K的平均含量为151.8、 146.3、 226.6和665.5 Bq/kg,高于我国和世界的平均值.植物样品中的²³⁸U含量较低,大多数样品低于检出限,而²²⁶Ra、 ²³²Th和⁴⁰K的平均含量相对较高.铁芒萁(Dicranopteris dichotoma)样品中²²⁶Ra、²³²Th含量最高,平均值分别为285.9 Bq/kg、 968.5 Bq/kg,对应的生物富集系数 (bioconcentration factor)的平均值为2.20、 4.23,而其它10种植物²²⁶Ra、²³²Th的生物富集系数均在10^-1～10^-2的范围.铁芒萁²²⁶Ra和²³²Th 的富集系数和转移系数(translocation factor)都大于1,可以认为是²²⁶Ra和²³²Th的超富集植物.