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1.
油气田开发与炼化企业硫化氢危害分析与预防 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
分析了油田开发和炼油化工生产过程中H2S的分布区域、特点及危害.通过对66起H2S中毒事故的分析,指出在设备及管线的吹扫、堵漏、拆卸、安装作业过程中较易发生H2S中毒事故;事故主要是由于违章及误操作以及对H2S的毒害认识不够、安全意识差引起的.从管理措施、技术支持、人员培训、应急救援等方面提出了预防H2S中毒的措施. 相似文献
2.
Bagasse, a biomass fuel, is the waste generated by the sugar-making process from sugar cane. Sugar making is one of the most
important agricultural-produce processing industries for developing countries in Southeast Asia, Latin America and Africa.
As sugar producing plants need electric power and process steam, co-generation using bagasse as an alternate fuel for petroleum
has been in use for some time. Thailand recently became one of the largest sugar exporters by enlarging plant capacities and
improving equipment, thus reducing its production cost. In addition, the Thai government promotes power generation using bagasse
as a means to combat global warming by raising the purchase price of the surplus power. The industry is in the process of
further raising the plant capacity, and improving the power-generating efficiency. This will enable a plant to generate more
electric power than its in-plant need so that the surplus power can be sold to the commercial grid. It also plans to become
a local power supplier during off-season of sugar making by adding a condensing turbine generator. A typical Thai sugar plant
of the latest design generates steam of 4Mpa at the bagasse boiler outlet with the temperature of 400°C at 84% boiler efficiency.
With the bagasse LHV of 7,540 kJ/kg and that of fuel oil 41, 840 kJ/kg, and taking 90%as oil-burning boiler efficiency, 5.95
kg of bagasse would replace 1 kg of oil. The Kyoto Mechanism defines CO2 generation by fuel oil as 2.65 kg per liter. Using 0.85for the specific gravity of fuel oil, the amount of CO2 generation will be 3.12 kg-CO2/kg. Therefore, CO2reduction per ton of bagasse in terms of fuel oil will be: 3.12/5.95 =0.524 kg-CO2/kg-bagasse. As 1 kg of bagasse generates 2 kg of steam, the CO2reduction of a 100t/h steam boiler will be112,660 ton/year for an annual operation of4,300 hours, as follows. 0.524 × 100/2
= 26.2 t-CO2/h, 26.2 × 4,300 =112,660 t-CO2/year.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
炼化企业中有大量含油水罐,这些储罐中含硫、含油,固有风险很高,事故频发,有必要对各类污水罐事故进行分析和研究,找出共性的问题,提出解决方案和事故防范对策。通过对所搜集到的2009-2012年发生的36起含油水罐事故,从储罐类型、事故类型、点火源、操作阶段等方面进行统计分析,对案例进行深入剖析,找出了污水罐在设计、设备防腐以及操作管理中存在问题,并针对问题提出了相应的建议措施。 相似文献
4.
5.
炼油厂污水处理负荷的削减措施 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
总结和分析了某厂削减污水处理负荷的主要措施及效益,预测该厂在达到16000kt/a以上加工规模时的污水处理负荷。 相似文献
6.
基于HAZOP的方法对炼化企业电力系统进行分析,可以有效提高炼化企业电气安全平稳运行水平,降低发生大面积停电事故的风险。该分析方法不同于化工企业的HAZOP分析方法,在分析流程细节中,结合电气专业化的特点,形成了一套具有炼化企业供电系统风险评估特色的评价方法,为炼化企业供电系统在规划、设计、运行等阶段提供依据。 相似文献
7.
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9.
中国石油大连石化公司的生产废水不仅具有炼化废水的复杂性,而且其中含有大量的氯离子,给絮凝药剂的筛选带来一定的困难。通过对715、728两种絮凝药剂的现场应用实验,找出了不同水质情况下的最佳投药量。实验结果表明,当污水中含油量大于100mg/L时,715药剂加入量控制在150~180mg/L,728的加入量为4mg/L,此时油、SS、COD、浊度的去除率分别为92%、41%、41%和82%。当污水含油量在30mg/L以下时,715药剂加入量为90~120mg/L,728加入量为2.7~3.3mg/L,此时油、SS、COD、浊度的去除率分别为74%、71%、38%和89%。经实验筛选出的这两种药剂可以利用现有的加药系统设备加入污水,加药处理后能提高出水的水质。 相似文献
10.
Rao PS Ansari MF Gavane AG Pandit VI Nema P Devotta S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,128(1-3):323-328
Petroleum refineries are largest chemical industries that are responsible for the emission of several pollutants into the
atmosphere. Benzene is among the most important air pollutants that are emitted by petroleum refineries, since they are involved
in almost every refinery process. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a major group of air pollutants, which play a critical
role in atmospheric chemistry. These contribute to toxic oxidants, which are harmful to ecosystem, human health and atmosphere.
The variability of pollutants is an important factor in determining human exposure to these chemicals. The ambient air concentrations
of benzene were measured in several sites around the Digboi petroleum refinery, near the city of Gowahati in northeast India,
during winter and summer 2004. The seasonal and spatial variations of the ambient air concentrations of this benzene were
investigated and analyzed. An estimation of the contribution of the refinery to the measured atmospheric levels of benzene
was also performed. The ambient air mixing ratios of benzene in a large area outside the refinery was generally low, in ppbv
range, much lower than the ambient air quality standards. This article presents the temporal and spatial variation of air
pollution in and around petroleum refinery and showed that no health risk due to benzene is present in the areas adjacent
to the refinery. 相似文献