Restrictive dermopathy and fetal behaviour

We report three siblings from consecutive pregnancies affected with restrictive dermopathy (RD). During the second pregnancy, fetal behavioural development and growth were studied extensively using ultrasound at 1–4 week intervals. Dramatic and sudden changes occurred in fetal body movements and growth but not until the end of the second trimester of pregnancy. Prominent at that time were prolonged periods of fetal quiescence and very low heart rate variability, together with abnormally executed body movements of short duration. Retarded femoral development and jerky abrupt fetal body movements (abnormal movement quality) were already present in the early second trimester of pregnancy. Facial anomalies emerged despite the presence of fetal mouth movements. The clinical features of RD were only partly explained by present knowledge of skin development and the fetal akinesia deformation sequence hypothesis. Quantitative assessment of fetal movements proved to be a poor early marker for antenatal diagnosis of this disorder. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Changes in fetal heart rate pattern after intrauterine paracentesis in one twin with meconium peritonitis

We report a case of in utero paracentesis of ascites in a fetus with meconium peritonitis due to volvulus at 34 weeks which resulted in the correction of an abnormal fetal heart rate pattern and enabled vaginal delivery by preventing abdominal dystocia. The intrauterine intervention also helped to establish the diagnosis and potentially reduced the respiratory compromise after birth. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fluctuations of Population Size and Structure in the Northern Mole Vole: Preliminary Analysis

Long-term stationary studies on the ecology of the northern mole vole (Ellobius talpinus Pall.), performed by the mark–recapture method from 1985 to 1997, have provided original data on population dynamics and structure. The analysis shows that, to reveal cyclic fluctuations of population size in this species, the period of three years should be taken as a unit of time for estimating the duration of one phase. The 12-year population cycle in E. talpinus has four distinct phases: an increase, a peak, a decline, and a minimum. At each phase, the population is characterized by certain features of family structure, age composition, birth and death rates, and the composition of migrants.     

母岩的风化剥蚀速率与土壤允许流失量的关系 --以长江三峡坝区风化花岗岩土壤为例

土壤允许流失量的确定是一个非常复杂而又必须解决的问题，它关系到水土保持措施的布设和土壤的可持续利用。然而，发育在不同母质上的土壤，其土壤的最大允许流失量差异很大，确定这一值的依据也各不相同。在岩成土壤地区，母岩风化剥蚀速率的大小直接影响土壤的发育。是确定土壤允许流失量、分析人类加速水土流失的重要依据之一。选长江三峡黄陵背斜段风化花岗岩土壤为研究对象，根据剥蚀沉积相关原理，通过恢复古地理环境及时代，计算出新生代以来本区花岗岩的平均风化剥蚀速率为16．97mm／ka．最大剥蚀速率为49．56。又根据区内太平溪流域的泥沙资料，算出了当地现代的剥蚀速率，多年平均为297．7mm／ka，最小值为31．5mm／ka，而水利部颁布的当地土壤允许流失量为200t／km^2,a，折合为76．9mm／ka，二者相差近1．5—4．5倍。基于此。提出了确定土壤允许流失量必须参考母岩风化剥蚀速率的新观点。     

北京市发展CNG汽车的条件与前景分析

北京市汽车排放污染物贡献率已达到：HC73.5％，CO63．4％，NOx46％。用CNG代替汽油作汽车燃料，可使CO减少97％、HC减少72％、NOx减少39％、CO2减少24％、SO2减少90％。建立CNG加气站和CNG汽车改装这两个CNG应用关键问题在技术上、经济上都是可行的。北京市CNG燃料来源有保障。北京市车辆都比较适合使用CNG气体燃料。北京有很强的CNG汽车产业科技力量。对北京市当前发展CNG汽车产业提出了一些建议。     

蚯蚓对城镇污泥堆肥过程中微型动物群落演替的影响

采用实验对比和除趋势对应分析（DCA）等方法,以城镇污泥中的微型动物为对象,研究蚯蚓对堆肥过程微型动物群落演替的影响.结果表明,蚯蚓仅影响微型动物群落数量,对演替进程无明显影响.堆肥过程微型动物群落演替可分为3个阶段：第1阶段（0~10 d）,固着类纤毛虫为优势类群阶段,该阶段微型动物变化多受限于环境的改变,蚯蚓影响较小;第2阶段（10~30 d）,固着类纤毛虫和轮虫向肉足虫和线虫为优势类群的过渡阶段,该阶段蚯蚓对线虫数量有一定的限制;第3阶段（30 d后）,肉足虫和线虫为优势类群阶段,该阶段蚯蚓对有壳肉足虫的增长产生了明显的抑制作用.群落多样性指数结果显示,蚯蚓在第1和第2阶段作用不明显,在第3阶段增加了微型动物的多样性和均匀度,减小了优势物种的优势程度.对固着类纤毛虫的同化作用是蚯蚓稳定堆肥环境、促进有机质降解的重要因素.     

全程自养颗粒污泥快速启动及混合营养型脱氮性能分析

在连续流条件下,基于颗粒污泥全程自养脱氮（CANON）工艺的快速启动和混合营养条件下高效脱氮,是CANON工程应用的重要环节.本研究在气提内循环反应器（AIR）中,以老化的CANON颗粒污泥经机械破碎至0.3 mm作为种泥,实现混合营养型单级颗粒污泥同步脱氮除碳.启动26 d,通过控制DO,系统出现稳定的部分硝化,再缩短HRT提升氨氮负荷至5.65 kg ·（m³ ·d）^-1,促进颗粒化和厌氧氨氧化;第68 d,总氮去除率达到58%之后,进水加入有机物,C/N从0提升到0.25和0.5,促进AOB、AMX和异养微生物的协同,氨氮去除率达95%,总氮去除率达85%,COD去除率达80%左右.COD浓度增加,能较好地抑制Nitrospira菌属等NOB的活性,q（NH₄⁺-N）和q（TN）稳定在0.4 g ·（g ·h）^-1和0.34 g ·（g ·h）^-1,q（NO₃^--N）约为0.02 g ·（g ·h）^-1.采用MiSeq高通量测序对微生物多样性分析,表明有机物对污泥中Nitrosomomas和Candidutus_Kuenenia丰度未产生显著影响,增加了Candidutus_Brocadia菌属以及具有反硝化功能Denitratisoma等菌属的丰度.这对于快速启动连续流CANON颗粒污泥工艺处理低C/N比废水提供思路.     

不同低碳氮比废水中好氧颗粒污泥的长期运行稳定性

为了研究好氧颗粒污泥系统处理低碳氮比废水的长期运行稳定性,采用低碳氮比（C/N）条件下逐步增加碳氮负荷的进水方法,分别在反应器A和B中接种好氧颗粒污泥,考察其长期运行过程中的理化性质、处理性能及应对冲击负荷的稳定性.其中A反应器的碳氮比一直维持在2,而B则由4逐步降至2.结果表明,在4℃存储30d的好氧颗粒污泥,经过25d的培养,其活性基本恢复,A、B反应器化学需氧量（COD）和氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）的去除效率均达到90%以上.在其后的稳定阶段,B反应器COD和NH₄⁺-N去除率达到90%以上,实现了完全硝化;而A反应器COD去除率仅80%左右,虽然NH₄⁺-N去除率最终也达到90%以上,但仅实现短程硝化.在冲击负荷阶段,A和B反应器COD去除率仍维持在80%以上,但是NH₄⁺-N去除受到很大冲击.A反应器NH₄⁺-N去除效率恶化,B反应器仅实现了部分硝化.整个运行过程,好氧颗粒污泥的物理性质受到的影响不大,A和B反应器的污泥容积指数（SVI₃₀）分别维持在60 mL ·g^-1和75 mL ·g^-1左右,混合液悬浮固体（MLSS）在5g ·L^-1和3.7g ·L^-1左右.颗粒污泥微生物群落分析表明,B反应器相对于A反应器丰富度和多样性更高.同时B反应器具有更高丰度的Zoogloea属,在颗粒中能产生更多的胞外蛋白促使颗粒结构更稳定,保证系统的长期稳定运行.以上结果表明,与C/N为2的好氧颗粒污泥系统相比,C/N为4的系统脱碳硝化效果好,抗冲击负荷能力强,更有利于颗粒污泥的长期稳定运行.