油田固体废弃物回注技术的可行性试验

胜利油田临盘采油厂临南油田水质改性后固体废弃物急剧增加、处理难度大,高渗储层回注的处理办法在夏52-414井开展现场试验取得成功.对其他油田的污泥处理具有参考借鉴价值.     

岩金矿山尾矿的综合利用

尾矿的综合利用是目前岩金矿山科技攻关的重点，本文介绍了用尾矿制造尾砂砖，高水固结材料的原理及工艺，分析了在实际生产中发现的问题，指出岩金矿山的尾矿有着广阔的利用前景     

低含油污泥固化处理技术研究*

针对辽河油田欢采水厂低含油污泥,采用固化处理方法,测定了固化剂用量对抗压强度的影响和促凝剂用量对固化时间的影响,得到含油污泥:固化剂:促凝剂最佳配比为100:12:1.5。对含油污泥固化块进行浸出液毒性监测,分析结果表明:含油污泥固化块浸出液中重金属Cu、Pb、Cr、As、Zn、Ni、Cd的含量明显降低,远低于GB5085.3-2007《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》;浸出液中COD降低了77%。     

利用生活垃圾填埋场上建设飞灰固化物填埋场适宜性探讨

针对利用原有生活垃圾填埋场改扩建飞灰固化物填埋场,从勘查设计和建设角度,通过与常规生活垃圾填埋的安全和环保各相关因素对比,分析扩建前后填埋场稳定性、防渗及导排系统等勘察设计要点,研讨扩建工程新老填埋堆体基础层、防渗及导排系统等安全环保关键技术及扩建的适宜性,为扩建的可行性研究提出较为系统的技术论证思路.     

Comparison of properties of traditional and accelerated carbonated solidified/stabilized contaminated soils

The investigation of the long-term performance of solidified/stabilized (S/S) contaminated soils was carried out in a trial site in southeast UK. The soils were exposed to the maximum natural weathering for four years and sampled at various depths in a controlled manner. The chemical properties (e. g. , degree of carbonation (DOC), pH, electrical conductivity (EC)) and physical properties (e. g. , moisture content (MC), liquid limit (LL), plastic limit (PL), plasticity index (PI)) of the samples untreated and treated with the traditional and accelerated carbonated S/S processes were analyzed. Their variations on the depths of the soils were also studied. The result showed that the broad geotechnical properties of the soils, manifested in their PIs, were related to the concentration of the water soluble ions and in particular the free calcium ions. The samples treated with the accelerated carbonation technology (ACT), and the untreated samples contained limited number of free calcium ions in solutions and consequently interacted with waters in a similar way. Compared with the traditional cement-based S/S technology, e. g. , treatment with ordinary portland cement (OPC) or EnvirOceM, ACT caused the increase of the PI of the treated soil and made it more stable during long-term weathering. The PI values for the four soils ascended according to the order: the EnvirOceM soil, the OPC soil, the ACT soil, and the untreated soil while their pH and EC values descended according to the same order.     

利用粉煤灰固化风积土的试验研究

采用正交优化试验方法,并通过采用掺加新型固化剂的方法对风积土进行固化试验研究.研究结果表明,影响稳定土无侧限抗压强度大小的主要因素是水泥量,其次是石灰和碎石掺量.粉煤灰掺量为40%、水泥掺量为1 5%、碎石掺量为40%、石灰掺量为8%、固化剂掺量为5%时,无侧限抗压强度最大.在水泥掺量一定的情况下,稳定土的无侧限抗压强度随着固化剂掺量的增大而提高.同时初步探讨了掺加固化剂后粉煤灰类稳定土的固化机理.通过现场工业性试验和观测,结果表明,试验段水泥稳定土基层状况良好,在公路上未发现由于水泥稳定风积土的某种缺陷所引起的变形和开裂,且弯沉值满足有关要求.     

钻井废弃泥浆固化处理工艺的研究与应用

油田钻井废弃泥浆固化处理技术是处理废泥浆的一种重要工艺方法,选择一种高效、经济的泥浆固化剂和固化处理工艺对于降低钻井废弃泥浆周边环境的污染和土地的复耕有着重要的意义.笔者对复合废弃泥浆固化剂的性能及其固化处理工艺研究做了阐述.     

玉米秸秆生物炭固化细菌对镉砷吸附

为了确保细菌对镉砷复合污染土壤的修复效果,对细菌进行固定化处理.本研究将细菌悬液(Delftia sp. B9, B9)、玉米秸秆生物炭(corn stalks biochar,CSB)以及玉米秸秆生物炭-细菌复合体(corn stalks biochar-bacteria complex,B-CSB)作为3种吸附材料,探究3种材料对镉和砷的吸附特性及pH对3种材料去除水中镉砷离子性能的影响,进行了等温吸附模型拟合,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外变换光谱(FT-IR)和X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)对3种材料进行表征分析,同时探究添加B9、 CSB和B-CSB对土壤中镉和砷形态变化的影响.结果表明, 3种材料对Cd~(2+)的饱和吸附量分别为49.43、 82.68和75.38 mg·g~(-1);对As的饱和吸附量分别为24.67、 42.92和34.03 mg·g~(-1).添加B-CSB可使土壤中的弱酸可溶态Cd显著下降,残渣态Cd显著增加;铁型砷含量显著减少,残渣态砷含量增加.B-CSB是一种更有效地修复镉砷复合污染的材料.     

Ultrasound-assisted emulsification solidified floating organic drop microextraction for the determination of trace amounts of copper in water samples

A simple and efficient liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) technique was developed using ultrasound-assisted emulsification solidified floating organic drop microextraction (USAE-SFODME) combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry, for the extraction and determination of trace copper in water samples. 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) was used as chelating agent. Microextraction efficiency factors (including extraction solvent type, extraction volume, time, temperature, and pH), the amount of the chelating agent, and salt effect were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum extraction conditions, figures of merit of the proposed method were evaluated. The calibration graph was linear in the range of 20–600 mg·L⁻¹ with a detection limit of 0.76 mg·L⁻¹. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D) for ten replicate measurements of 20 and 400 mg·L⁻¹ of copper was 3.83% and 2.65%, respectively. Finally, the proposed method was applied to tap water, river water, and sea water, and accuracy was assessed through the analysis of certified reference water or recovery experiments.     

矿用无机固化泡沫充填材料研究及应用

针对井下堵漏风和密闭墙构建时存在的劳动强度大,密封效果差等缺点,研制了一种无机固化泡沫充填材料,通过大量的实验研究了泡沫掺量、水灰比和胶凝剂对材料性能的影响,并对其进行了现场应用。研究结果表明:泡沫掺量的增加和水灰比的增大均能使初凝时间增加,硫铝酸盐水泥充填材料的初凝时间是普通水泥充填材料的31%～44%;抗压强度随泡沫掺量增加而明显降低,硫铝酸盐水泥为胶凝剂时的充填材料抗压强度较大;泡沫掺量为1,2,3倍时的材料密度是未添加泡沫时的40%～46%,23%～33%和18%～24%,可以显著降低劳动强度;硫铝酸盐充填材料在内部孔结构方面优于普通水泥充填材料。研究成果可用于确定最佳的无机固化泡沫充填材料配方,现场应用表明材料密封效果和抗压强度好,具有广阔的应用空间。