从银川市硫酸盐化速率五年来的变化趋势分析环境空气中二氧化硫的污染状况

硫酸盐化速率反映大气中二氧化硫及硫的化合物的污染状况,文章通过对银川市1999～2003年硫酸盐化速率的346个监测数据的统计分析,研究了煤烟型城市环境空气中二氧化硫的变化规律及污染状况。     

天水市二氧化硫浓度与硫酸盐化速率的相关性分析

以2001～2010年十年间天水市城区二氧化硫浓度与硫酸盐化速率的监测数据为依据,对城区二氧化硫与硫酸盐化速率的浓度水平和变化规律进行了研究,分析和探讨了二氧化硫浓度与硫酸盐化速率相关性。     

Surface Consolidation of Pentelic Marble: Criteria for the selection of methods and materials - The Acropolis case (6 pp)

Goal and Scope In order to realize surface consolidation of Pentelic marble on the Acropolis monuments, we have collected the criteria that have to be fulfilled by the methods and materials without side effects on the marbles (and other stones). When the existing methods and materials did not satisfy the requirements (criteria), we invented new ones.Methods The criteria were collected from the literature, by thermodynamic and kinetic viewpoints, by laboratory experiments and in situ observations on monuments, both in Greece and in several countries in which the various methods and materials were applied. Concerning our method of ‘Inversion of sulfation’, performed by spraying a K2CO3 solution, its concentration and its temperature were controlled in order to have a total inversion (certified by liquid crystals) of gypsum back to CaCO3. For the new material of ours, ‘Reinforced Lime’, in order to eliminate the disadvantages of plain lime (low carbonation rate, low mechanical properties of CaCO3 formed, lack of carbonation in the bulk of lime), measurements of the rate of carbonation were performed in plain lime and in lime with a different CaCO3 concentration beforehand as well as in a different CO2 environments, using DTG and XRD to measure the rate of carbonation. The detachment (kg/cm2) of marble specimens stuck by lime in each case was also measured. A microscope was also used to measure the dimensions of the grain in each case as well as ammonium citrate and thymolphthalein to certify the depth of carbonation in each case. Part of the work was communicated in an international congress.Results A table with the criteria of the selection of the methods and materials for the consolidation of Pentelic marble surfaces (and other stones) was established. None of the employed methods and materials fulfilled the criteria. Only the ‘Inversion of gypsum ‘ and the ‘Reinforced Lime’ were adopted and applied to the Acropolis monuments and to other monuments in Greece and in several other countries.Recommendation and Outlook All criteria must be used for the selection of methods and materials for the consolidation of the monument surfaces. This is why we have already studied with the same procedures, methods and materials for restoration, surface cleaning and protection.     

乐山市区大气硫氧化物污染状况及相关因子分析

本文研究了乐山市区较大面积范围内的大气硫氧化物相对污染水平。通过分析绘出了较详细的污染图谱;在得出SO_x时间分布规律基础上,了解了与它相关的因子;用模糊聚类方法,对乐山城区大气SO_2监测点提出了优化方案;并针对乐山市的大气状况,提出了对策。     

木醋调质石灰石直接硫化反应特性研究

针对O2/CO2燃烧技术适于采用炉内喷钙脱硫方式脱硫而钙利用率仍有较大提升空间的问题，采用木醋废液调质改性石灰石，并利用热分析方法对木醋调质石灰石在O2/CO2气氛下的直接硫化反应特性进行了试验研究。试验结果表明石灰石经木醋调质后直接硫化反应性能显著提高，反应温度、吸收剂粒径以及反应气氛中SO2和O2的浓度都对直接硫化反应存在影响，分析认为调质对石灰石热解固体产物微观结构的改善是脱硫性能得以显著提升的主因。     

绵阳市城区空气优化布点的模糊聚类分析

本文介绍了通过硫酸盐化速率测定,运用模糊聚类分析,进行空气中SO_2监测布点优化研究的方法。     

石灰石与SO_2直接硫酸化反应宏观动力学的研究

温度、ＳＯ＿２浓度、颗粒大小、石灰石类型和样品的微观结构影响着直接硫酸化反应过程。这一反应过程能用缩芯模型来描述，并对ＳＯ＿２具有一级反应特征。本征反应和产物层扩散控制反应的活化能分别是８５．２ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ和４１．５ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。在８００℃、２０００ｐｐｍＳＯ＿２和反应１０１ｍｉｎ的条件下，Ｉｇｚｌａｂｅｒｇａ和Ｆｏｒｓｂｙ石灰石的ＣａＣＯ＿３转化率分别可达８４％和７２％。在初始２ｍｉｎ内已煅烧石灰石（ＣａＯ）的硫酸化反应速率与石灰石的反应速率稍高，随后二者基本相同。     

卤代有机污染物抑制甲状腺激素代谢酶活性的研究进展

甲状腺激素(thyroid hormones,THs)对生物体细胞的正常发育和分化至关重要,甲状腺激素失调可引起中枢神经系统、肺、心血管和其他器官的异常发育。研究表明,环境中的卤代有机污染物(halogenated organic contaminants,HOCs)及其代谢产物具有甲状腺激素干扰效应。抑制参与THs代谢的生物酶,例如磺基转移酶(sulfotransferases,SULTs)和脱碘酶(deiodinases,DIs),是HOCs及其代谢产物干扰THs正常功能的重要方式。本文重点综述了HOCs对不同甲状腺激素代谢酶的抑制效应的研究,讨论了环境计算化学和预测毒理学方法在该领域的重要应用,期望为HOCs干扰甲状腺激素酶代谢活性的深入研究提供借鉴与参考。     

大气可吸入颗粒物(PM_(10))单颗粒硫化特征

使用SEM/EDX对哈尔滨市夏季不同时段采集的可吸入颗粒物单个矿物颗粒的成分和硫化特征进行研究.结果表明,哈尔滨市夏季PM10中可以鉴定出的矿物有29种,其中黏土矿物所占比例超过了40%;中午时段内的样品几乎没有发生硫化,但早晚时段内采集的样品具有普遍的硫化现象,且黏土矿物发生硫化的几率最高,样品S/Ca的平均比值为1.0,是中午时段样品S/Ca值的73倍,不同时段、气象条件下样品的硫化程度不同,显示其硫化机制各不相同;按矿物的元素含量不同,矿物颗粒分为5种类型:"富Si"、"富Ca"、"富S"、"富Fe"、"富Mg",显示矿物颗粒主要来自地壳源;各时段样品中的矿物颗粒具有同源性,说明早晚时段样品中富含的S只能是大气二次化学反应的结果,且规则石膏颗粒主要是由方解石等碳酸钙盐矿物发生的硫化作用形成的.     

使用添加剂调质钙基脱硫剂的机理概述

从干法固硫气扩散及气固反应角度回顾了添加剂对钙基脱硫剂调质作用的有关研究情况,指出目前该技术在研究以及工业应用中存在的一些关键问题,并讨论该技术的发展趋势。