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1.
2.
环境影响综合评价灰色层次模型研究 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
针对水电工程环境影响综合评价问题,应用拓展的灰关联理论和最小二乘准则,建立了环境影响综合评价的灰色层次模型。以东江水电工程环境影响综合评价为实例说明了该模型的合理性、可信性。结果表明:此基工程使环境总体向理想的18.1% 相似文献
3.
Robert B. Olshansky 《Environmental management》1996,20(1):11-23
The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) has evolved from a mini-NEPA, first enacted in 1970, into a procedural act
that affects the approval process of all large developments in California. In 1990, California local governments produced
over 1600 environmental impact reports and 30,000 initial studies under CEQA. Because of its widespread use, CEQA has periodically
drawn the attention of the state legislature, most recently in 1993, when over 60 CEQA reform bills were introduced. This
paper describes the CEQA process and evaluates its success at meeting its explicit and implicit goals. The research includes
a statewide survey of CEQA practice, sent to the planning departments of all 513 local governments in California in 1991.
Survey respondents agreed that CEQA helps in evaluating environmental impacts, reducing impacts, informing the public, and
coordinating public agency review. It is effective in reducing the environmental impacts of individual projects, but is not
as effective in improving environmental quality on an areawide scale. This research concludes that CEQA has led to positive
outcomes and is not as deeply flawed as many of its critics claim. Still, CEQA as currently designed may not be the optimal
vehicle for ensuring environmental quality. 相似文献
4.
The Finnish anthropogenic CH4 emissions in 1990 are estimated to be about 250 Gg, with an uncertainty range extending from 160 to 440 Gg. The most important sources are landfills and animal husbandry. The N2O emissions, which come mainly from agriculture and the nitric acid industry are about 20 Gg in 1990 (uncertainty range 10–30 Gg). The development of the emissions to the year 2010 is reviewed in two scenarios: the base and the reduction scenarios.According to the base scenario, the Finnish CH4 emissions will decrease in the near future. Emissions from landfills, energy production, and transportation will decrease because of already decided and partly realized volume and technical changes in these sectors. The average reduction potential of 50%, as assumed in the reduction scenario, is considered achievable.N2O emissions, on the other hand, are expected to increase as emissions from energy production and transportation will grow due to an increasing use of fluidized bed boilers and catalytic converters in cars. The average reduction potential of 50%, as assumed in the reduction scenario, is optimistic.Anthropogenic CH4 and N2O emissions presently cause about 30% of the direct radiative forcing due to Finnish anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. This share would be even larger if the indirect impacts of CH4 were included. The contribution of CH4 can be controlled due to its relatively short atmospheric lifetime and due to the existing emission reduction potential. Nitrous oxide has a long atmospheric lifetime and its emission control possiblities are limited consequently, the greenhouse impact of N2O seems to be increasing even if the emissions were limited somehow. 相似文献
5.
目前环境影响评价普遍存在滞后现象和水平低及周期长等问题,提出广泛开展环评法宣传教育;加强环评队伍建设,提高环评人员的素质;把环评纳入总量控制轨道,突出浓度与总量同时评价;大众参与以及进一步规范和完善环境影响报告书的审批等对策与措施. 相似文献
6.
7.
Bacteria transport and deposition under unsaturated conditions: the role of the matrix grain size and the bacteria surface protein 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gargiulo G Bradford S Simůnek J Ustohal P Vereecken H Klumpp E 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2007,92(3-4):255-273
Unsaturated (80% water saturated) packed column experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of grain size distribution and bacteria surface macromolecules on bacteria (Rhodococcus rhodochrous) transport and deposition mechanisms. Three sizes of silica sands were used in these transport experiments, and their median grain sizes were 607, 567, and 330 microm. The amount of retained bacteria increased with decreasing sand size, and most of the deposited bacteria were found adjacent to the column inlet. The deposition profiles were not consistent with predictions based on classical filtration theory. The experimental data could be accurately characterized using a mathematical model that accounted for first-order attachment, detachment, and time and depth-dependent straining processes. Visual observations of the bacteria deposition as well as mathematical modelling indicated that straining was the dominant mechanism of deposition in these sands (78-99.6% of the deposited bacteria), which may have been enhanced due to the tendency of this bacterium to form aggregates. An additional unsaturated experiment was conducted to better deduce the role of bacteria surface macromolecules on attachment and straining processes. In this case, the bacteria surface was treated using a proteolitic enzyme. This technique was assessed by examining the Fourier-transform infrared spectrum and hydrophobicity of untreated and enzyme treated cells. Both of these analytical procedures demonstrated that this enzymatic treatment removed the surface proteins and/or associated macromolecules. Transport and modelling studies conducted with the enzyme treated bacteria, revealed a decrease in attachment, but that straining was not significantly affected by this treatment. 相似文献
8.
Dust storms frequently occur in Mongolia and in northern China. Each year there are 30 to 120 dusty days in source regions of Mongolia and 14–20 dusty days on the Korean Peninsula. Intense sand storms and associated dust falls produce environmental impacts in East Asia. This paper discusses the environmental degradation in Mongolia and the social, economic and atmospheric impacts of dust storms in the sink area. The impact of dust storms on environmental compartments as well as their direct and indirect consequences to basic resources like water and energy demand and supply is explained. Governments are encouraged to take appropriate action in specified regions. For monitoring dust storms there is a need for international cooperation to combat growing environmental and human security concerns. 相似文献
9.
1994年江淮伏旱及其影响研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用江谁地区18个站点1951~1995年6~8月降水量资料,用Z指数建立了历年夏季旱涝序列,着重对1994年江淮伏旱及其对农业、水资源的影响进行了分析评述,获得了一些有意义的结论。 相似文献
10.
River damming provides a dominant human impact on river environments worldwide, and while local impacts of reservoir flooding
are immediate, subsequent ecological impacts downstream can be extensive. In this article, we assess seven research strategies
for analyzing the impacts of dams and river flow regulation on riparian ecosystems. These include spatial comparisons of (1)
upstream versus downstream reaches, (2) progressive downstream patterns, or (3) the dammed river versus an adjacent free-flowing
or differently regulated river(s). Temporal comparisons consider (4) pre- versus post-dam, or (5) sequential post-dam conditions.
However, spatial comparisons are complicated by the fact that dams are not randomly located, and temporal comparisons are
commonly limited by sparse historic information. As a result, comparative approaches are often correlative and vulnerable
to confounding factors. To complement these analyses, (6) flow or sediment modifications can be implemented to test causal
associations. Finally, (7) process-based modeling represents a predictive approach incorporating hydrogeomorphic processes
and their biological consequences. In a case study of Hells Canyon, the upstream versus downstream comparison is confounded
by a dramatic geomorphic transition. Comparison of the multiple reaches below the dams should be useful, and the comparison
of Snake River with the adjacent free-flowing Salmon River may provide the strongest spatial comparison. A pre- versus post-dam
comparison would provide the most direct study approach, but pre-dam information is limited to historic reports and archival
photographs. We conclude that multiple study approaches are essential to provide confident interpretations of ecological impacts
downstream from dams, and propose a comprehensive study for Hells Canyon that integrates multiple research strategies. 相似文献