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排序方式: 共有4557条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
David M. Lapola José Maria C. da Silva Diego R. Braga Larissa Carpigiani Fernanda Ogawa Roger R. Torres Luis C. F. Barbosa Jean P. H. B. Ometto Carlos A. Joly 《Conservation biology》2020,34(2):427-437
Brazil hosts the largest expanse of tropical ecosystems within protected areas (PAs), which shelter biodiversity and support traditional human populations. We assessed the vulnerability to climate change of 993 terrestrial and coastal-marine Brazilian PAs by combining indicators of climatic-change hazard with indicators of PA resilience (size, native vegetation cover, and probability of climate-driven vegetation transition). This combination of indicators allows the identification of broad climate-change adaptation pathways. Seventeen PAs (20,611 km2) were highly vulnerable and located mainly in the Atlantic Forest (7 PAs), Cerrado (6), and the Amazon (4). Two hundred fifty-eight PAs (756,569 km2), located primarily in Amazonia, had a medium vulnerability. In the Amazon and western Cerrado, the projected severe climatic change and probability of climate-driven vegetation transition drove vulnerability up, despite the generally good conservation status of PAs. Over 80% of PAs of high or moderate vulnerability are managed by indigenous populations. Hence, besides the potential risks to biodiversity, the traditional knowledge and livelihoods of the people inhabiting these PAs may be threatened. In at least 870 PAs, primarily in the Atlantic Forest and Amazon, adaptation could happen with little or no intervention due to low climate-change hazard, high resilience status, or both. At least 20 PAs in the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Amazonia should be targeted for stronger interventions (e.g., improvement of ecological connectivity), given their low resilience status. Despite being a first attempt to link vulnerability and adaptation in Brazilian PAs, we suggest that some of the PAs identified as highly or moderately vulnerable should be prioritized for testing potential adaptation strategies in the near future. 相似文献
2.
F. Pricope Ştefănescu G. Tiţescu I. Cărăuş D. Ureche 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2003,1(2):149-151
During the artificial reproduction of salmonides, the fecundity can be increased either by improving the viability of spermatozoa,
or by extending the time period during which a roe micropile remains open, thus allowing its fecundation. Practically, this
can be achieved by the use of some fertilising techniques suitable for fish species. Here, we show that the reproduction of
rainbow trout in a 1:1 solution of deuterium-depleted water and distilled water led to a significant increase in survival
of roes during their embryonic development. Moreover, the addition of glucose and fructose into the deuterium-depleted fertilising
solutions led to a further increase in roe survival during embryonic development. The increase in survival is mainly explained
by an increase in the motility of spermatozoa. 相似文献
3.
中国可持续发展综合评价研究 总被引:19,自引:3,他引:16
可持续发展作为一个动态、开放的复杂巨系统。人口、资源、经济、环境和科技构成了其关键要素。本文基于PREEST系统模型。首先提出了一套中国可持续发展综合评价指标体系:同时。借助于主成分分析法和隶属度分析法。就中国1987~2001年度的综合发展指数与协调发展指数进行了实证分析;最后。基于研究成果。对中国未来的可持续发展提出了若干政策建议。 相似文献
4.
A. V. Krylov 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2004,35(5):316-323
The abundance and trophic structure of zooplankton along the longitudinal profile of two typical rivers in the Yaroslavl sector of the Volga region are determined by anthropogenic and zoogenic factors. The distribution of zooplankton under the influence of these factors is described by the concept of patch dynamics. The abundance of zooplankton reaches the highest values in the ameliorated upper reaches of rivers and in beaver ponds. 相似文献
5.
岷江上游崩塌滑坡分布规律研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
乔建平 《长江流域资源与环境》1994,3(4):365-370
岷江为长江—级支流,上游长330km,自1986年以来,发生崩塌滑坡200余处,体积约2.1亿m ̄3。作者研究了岷江上游崩塌滑坡的分布规律。采用统计指标法,将岷江上游分为三种不同的崩塌滑坡分布密度区:①UXS.高密度区;②MXS,中密度区;③LXS_3低密度区。 相似文献
6.
The main purpose of this study is to assess economic vulnerability of small island development regions as part of their sustainability constraints. By combining economic and environmental time series data, we assessed a composite index of economic vulnerability which is constructed from three exogenous variables, namely economic exposure, economic remoteness, and economic impact of environmental and natural disasters. We used the Amami Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan as the case studies for this paper.The results indicated that using a gross island products based valuation index, Kikaijima is the most vulnerable island in the Amami Islands with a composite economic vulnerability index (CEVI) value of 0.678, while by using a per capita based index, Okinoerabujima is considered the most vulnerable island with a CEVI value of 0.680. From the results we also revealed that smaller islands have relative higher vulnerability than the bigger one, which also confirms some previous country-level vulnerability studies.However, it is matter of fact that some islands that have relatively high vulnerability also have good economic performance as shown by their per capita income. In this regard, it can be argued that the success of these small islands could have been achieved in spite of and not because of their inherent vulnerability conditions as an indicator of sustainability constraint. Regarding these findings, we also examined a comparison between vulnerability results and the preliminary concept of an island's resilience in order to capture another perspective on sustainability assessment in a small island region. 相似文献
7.
生态型港口综合评价指标体系初探 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
基于上海市建设生态型城市的长期目标,将港口作为城市生态系统中重要的子系统,对如何建设生态型港口提出了综合评价指标体系。通过筛选得到45项单因素指标,针对不同类型的港区有所分异,整个评价体系分为5个准则层(生态环境、经济效率、污染控制、环境管理、社会评价)和10个因素层(大气/声环境、生物资源、基底质量、经济发展、生产效率、循环经济、污染排放、清洁生产、环保投入、社会参与),并采用AHP(层次分析)法确定了各层次的权重分配。进而根据2005年上海港年均生产状况和2006年上半年的港区环境-资源调查,尝试对上海港7种主要类型(集装箱、件杂货/成品、多用途、干散、粮食港区、液散、客运)的15个港区进行了现状评估。然而,生态港评价系统的指标选取、权重制定、评估级别等实践与完善仍需要多学科和政府职能部门的参与。最后,项目还提出了水生态健康、航道淤积、生态风险、水陆景观等非定量生态港评价因子。 相似文献
8.
Xiao Yali Jiang Dahe Wang Dan 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2007,5(3):51-56
Urban agglomeration of the Yangtze Delta (UAYD), one of the most developed regions of China, has witnessed an increasing prevalence in building ecological cities when the ecological cities are pursued by many modem cities, and great achievements have been made in this regard. It is inevitable, however, that certain problems exist during the construction of ecological city, which include but not limited to non-harmonious development of urban complex ecosystem, and the difficulty in quantifying eco-city construction or incomplete quantification in assessing the construction of present and future eco-city. Based on the analysis on social-economic conditions and regional conditions of the UAYD, this paper attempts to set up an index system of eco-cities combining with local characteristics, and to adopt the indices of eco-city, urban harmony, and eco-city colligate to evaluate the ecological level, urban harmonious development and eco-city construction of cities within the UAYD. Results indicate that among 15 cities in UAYD, Suzhou City ranks the highest in terms of eco-city construction, whereas Nantong ranks relatively lower; sustainable eco-city construction is possible only when cities are developed in every respect of harmony. 相似文献
9.
E. A. Kleshcheva 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2007,38(2):94-100
A method for estimating the current state of plant communities based on the ecological amplitudes of constituent species is proposed. An original program, Fitoindikatsiya, has been developed to compute the indices of disturbance and homogeneity of plant communities from species ecological scale values. The current state of pine forests in the part of Novosibirsk oblast east of the Ob River has been analyzed; slightly, moderately, and severely disturbed zones have been distinguished. 相似文献
10.
S. H. Dinius 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1987,23(5):833-843
ABSTRACT: This paper describes the formulation of an Index of Water Quality to evaluate the level of pollution in fresh water. A Four-Round Delphi equation, using a panel of seven nationally recognized water scientists, was performed to ascertain the pollutants to be included in the index, the relationship between the quantity of these pollutants in the water and the resulting quality of the water, and the importance of each pollution variable to each water use as well as to overall pollution. A multiplicative index was used to bring the pollutants together into one system. 相似文献