Male-biassed response of garden chafer, Phyllopertha horticola L., to leaf alcohol and attraction of both sexes to floral plant volatiles

Summary. Field tests were performed to evaluate the response of the garden chafer, Phyllopertha horticola (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to known scarab attractants and to investigate the influence of trap colour and height on the number of captured beetles. Both sexes were attracted by a lure mixture composed of geraniol, eugenol, and 2-phenylethyl propionate (PEP) (ratio 3:7:3). When testing floral volatiles individually, only geraniol, eugenol and methyl anthranilate but not PEP was attractive. Response of garden chafer to (Z)- 3-hexen-1-ol was strongly male-biassed. Both the response to floral volatiles and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol was increased by using funnel traps with yellow instead of grey vanes. Traps positioned at 50 and 125 cm above ground captured significantly more garden chafers than those at 200 cm. The strongly male-biassed response to (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol suggests that in P. horticola (subfamily Rutelinae) orientation towards plant volatiles emitted upon mechanical damage of plants is part of the male mate finding strategy as recently demonstrated for cockchafers of the genus Melolontha (subfamily Melolonthinae). Possible application of plant volatiles for control of P. horticola is discussed.     

关于污水处理厂质量监理工作的探讨

污水处理已引起我国政府的高度重视。以此为契机，通过对阳江市第一净水厂工程监理工作的回顾，初步探讨了污水处理厂质量监理工作。     

Applying metabolic fingerprinting to ecology: The use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for the rapid screening of plant responses to N deposition

The potential for metabolic fingerprinting via Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to provide a novel approach for the detection of plant biochemical responses to N deposition is examined. An example of spectral analysis using shoot samples taken from an open top chamber (OTC) experiment simulating wet ammonium deposition is given. Sample preparation involved oven drying and homogenisation via mill grinding. Slurries of a consistent dilution were then prepared prior to FT-IR analysis. Spectra from control, 8 and 16 kg N ha^–1 yr^–1 treatments were then subjected to cross-validated discriminant function analysis. Ordination diagrams showed clear separation between the three N treatments examined. The potential for using Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull as a bioindicator of N deposition is further evident from these results. The results also clearly demonstrate the power of FT-IR in discriminating between subtle phenotypic alterations in overall plant biochemistry as affected by ammonium pollution.     

GIS支持下的秦岭植被景观梯度分析

秦岭植被景观类型丰富,具有过渡性和复杂性特点,植被垂直分带明显. 在分析了大尺度秦岭植被景观空间水平分布格局的基础上,利用基于GIS梯度分析方法,分析秦岭的植被与海拔梯度的关系,得到秦岭不同植被景观类型的斑块数、分布范围、植被分布的海拨高度平均值和标准差,并以太白山为例,对太白山植物种进行了梯度分析. 结果表明,随着海拔高度的增加,太白山依次出现7种植被景观类型:温带草丛→温带落叶灌丛→温带落叶阔叶林→亚热带针叶林→亚热带和热带山地针叶林→草甸→高寒草甸等植被类型,植物种亦发生相应的变化.      

垂直流人工湿地启动期基质酶的时空变化

为了解垂直流人工湿地系统中基质酶在去污效果中的作用及其随基质深度和运行时间的变化规律,设置3个垂直流人工湿地系统:种植皇竹草的A系统,种植象草的B系统,以及不种植物的C系统。分别监测3个系统不同基质深度与不同运行时间条件下脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、转化酶和纤维素酶的变化规律,以及这几种酶与TN、TP、COD、NH4+-N 和NO3--N污染物之间的相关性。实验结果表明,上述5种酶都表现出随着基质深度增加而减少的趋势,且上层0~30 cm处的基质酶活性极显著高于中层和底层的酶活性,此外,种植能源植物的A、B系统基质酶活性都高于不种植物C系统,说明湿地中污染物的去除主要集中在上层基质,种植能源植物能够有效促进微生物的活性,增加胞外酶的分泌,提高人工湿地对污染物的去除效果,可为优化人工湿地除污效果以及湿地植物的选择提供理论依据。     

外加电势强化厌氧氨氧化工艺处理垃圾焚烧渗沥液短程硝化出水

利用外加电势强化厌氧氨氧化处理垃圾焚烧渗沥液短程硝化出水, 研究外加电势对系统脱氮及有机物去除的影响。结果表明, 在外加电势为0.06 V时, TN的去除率由43.2%提升至71.3%, COD的去除率由12.1%提升至24.4%。渗沥液中分子质量大于20 kDa的有机物在外加电势的作用下被部分降解成分子质量相对较小的有机物。外加电势也会刺激微生物产生更多的EPS且能提高其中PN/PS的比值, 这有利于厌氧氨氧化菌在电极表面的生长和富集, 增强微生物的活性。电极生物膜中细胞色素c(Cyt-c)、亚硝酸盐还原酶(Nir)、肼合成酶(HZS)和肼脱氢酶(HDH)4种厌氧氨氧化菌的功能酶的活性也在外加电势的作用下得到了提升。     

Pickering乳液模板多孔WG-g-PNaA水凝胶去除水体中的亚甲基蓝

为拓展小麦加工副产物麦麸蛋白(WG)在印染废水处理工业中的应用,以其中的醇溶蛋白稳定的O/W型Pickering乳液为孔模板,WG与AA原位自由基接枝聚合,制备了多孔小麦麸质蛋白-g-聚丙烯酸钠(WG-g-PNaA)水凝胶。通过FT-IR、FESEM表征手段对合成的水凝胶进行结构和表面形貌表征,考察了其对水体中亚甲基蓝(MB)的去除性能。结果表明：WG与PAA链成功接枝聚合,Pickering乳液滴被洗除后在WG-g-PNaA水凝胶网络中留下规整的连续孔隙,BET比表面积为18.04 m²·g⁻¹;在溶液pH=9.0,初始浓度C₀≤300 mg·L⁻¹时,多孔WG-g-PNaA水凝胶对MB的去除率可达98.5%以上,其等温吸附过程符合Langmuir单层吸附模型,饱和吸附量为2 144.2 mg·g⁻¹;吸附热力学研究结果表明：温度对吸附影响较小,吸附动力学数据符合准二级动力学模型,物理化学静电吸附为速率控制步骤;但吸附初期Pickering乳液致孔凝胶的粒子内扩散模型的K_1d(28.59)远大于无Pickering乳液致孔凝胶的K_1d(12.89),这说明凝胶网络中的孔隙在吸附初期有利于MB分子扩散传质,提高吸附速率。研究结果可为WG在印染废水处理中的应用提供参考。     

宁安市污水处理厂一体化工艺应用的探讨

通过一体化A/O改良工艺应用,分析其去除COD效果.     

黄河三角洲贝壳海岛与植物多样性保护

根据1997－1999年调查，查清了黄河三角洲贝壳岛资源状况，研究了其高等植物物种多样性、植被类型、植物区系组成特点，分析了近年来因乱采滥挖贝壳资源对贝壳海岛和植物多样性破坏现状，提出了保护贝壳海岛和和植物多样性的对策与建议。     

云南中小型水电工程的环境保护

西部大开发为云南省中小型水电工程建设创造了条件,但目前中小型水电工程环境保护工作与国家对建设项目环境保护工作的要求存在一定的差距,必须严抓重管,切实保护西部地区的生态环境.