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排序方式: 共有887条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Zhang Jing Feng Zhiming Yang Yanzhao 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2006,4(2):33-40
The article puts forward the process and means of regional water and land balance research, and then from two scenarios which are the balances under natural regulation and human intervention, calculated and analysed the balance between water and land on Ningxia Plain. For the balance under natural regulation named farmland water balance, using farmland water resource balance equation, the research estimated the monthly farmland" water balance of 8 major crops for all of the 12 counties on Ningxia Plain in the period of 1960-2001; for the balance under human intervention, the research estimated land-use water balance equation of the counties in 2000, and calculated the balance between land use and water resources including irrigating water of all the 12 counties on Ningxia Plain. Results showed that ①precipitation can not meet the water demand of the crops for growth and development on Ningxia Plain, and water shortage is the primary character of farmland water balance under natural regulation. ②the diversity of water and land balance of different counties is distinctly influenced by the crop structure, water quantity for irrigation and irrigation level. ③Irrigation water could meet the crop water demand on Ningxia Plain in 2000, but there was not much space to expand irrigating cultivated land. 相似文献
2.
采集太原市城北和城南区域环境空气和5类污染源挥发性有机物样品,测定样品中典型单环芳烃稳定氢同位素(δD)组成,基于同位素质量平衡原理计算单环芳烃从源到环境空气受体的δD初始混合值,探讨单环芳烃来源.结果表明,柴油挥发源、溶剂挥发源、汽油挥发源(97#)、汽油挥发源(95#)、机动车尾气(97#)、机动车尾气(95#)和民用燃煤源中单环芳烃δD范围依次为:(-138.7‰~-115.5‰)、(-147.0‰~-121.0‰)、(-150.8‰~-117.6‰)、(-131.8‰~-113.8‰)、(-171.2‰~-120.0‰)、(-138.9‰~-102.7‰)和(-168.3‰~-142.3‰),民用燃煤源中单环芳烃δD显著贫重氢同位素(D)组成,机动车尾气源与汽油挥发源中苯的δD相比显著贫D,可用于探索污染物转化过程;城北和城南环境空气中δD范围为(-131.7‰~-115.1‰)和(-131.9‰~-74.9‰),δD初始混合值为-138.4‰和-173.9‰,体现了其来源差异. 相似文献
3.
Gabriela P. Mendes Vivian M.A. Magalhães Lélia C.R. Soares Rayanne M. Aranh Claudio A.O. Nascimento Marilda M.G.R. Viann Osvaldo Chiavone-Filho 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(4):67-77
Chemical oxidation was applied to an artificially contaminated soil with naphthalene (NAP). Evaluation of NAP distribution and mass reduction in soil, water and air phases was carried out through mass balance. Evaluation of NAP distribution and mass reduction in soil, water and air phases was carried out through mass balance. The importance of the air phase analysis was emphasized by demonstrating how NAP behaves in a sealed system over a 4 hr reaction period. Design of Experiments method was applied to the following variables: sodium persulfate concentration [SP], ferrous sulfate concentration [FeSO4], and pH. The system operated with a prefixed solid to liquid ratio of 1:2. The following conditions resulted in optimum NAP removal [SP] = 18.37 g/L, [FeSO4] = 4.25 g/L and pH = 3.00. At the end of the 4 hr reaction, 62% of NAP was degraded. In the soil phase, the chemical oxidation reduced the NAP concentration thus achieving levels which comply with Brazilian and USA environmental legislations. Besides the NAP partitioning view, the monitoring of each phase allowed the variabilities assessment over the process, refining the knowledge of mass reduction. Based on NAP distribution in the system, this study demonstrates the importance of evaluating the presence of semi-volatile and volatile organic compounds in the air phase during remediation, so that there is greater control of the system as to the distribution and presence of the contaminant in the environment. The results highlight the importance of treating the contaminant in all its phases at the contaminated site. 相似文献
4.
为探析农业规模化经营与农业环境可持续性之间的关系,对农业经营规模对农业环境效率的影响进行理论分析,并在此基础上构建了物料平衡原则下农业环境效率测算模型和农业环境效率影响模型.基于2004~2016年浙江省农户水稻种植地块层面的面板数据,实证检验了土地面积、劳动投入、资本投入和农业产出等农业经营规模指标对农业环境效率的影响.结果显示,农业规模化发展将因投入和产出的扩张以多种方式影响其环境效率,其中土地面积规模与农业环境效率之间呈倒U型关系,劳动投入和资本投入对农业生产环境效率均有负向的影响,而农业产出规模的增加将促进农业环境效率的提升. 相似文献
5.
我国饲料粮区域产消平衡特征及政策启示 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
我国饲料粮消耗量大且增长迅速,已经成为我国粮食安全的首要影响因素,准确判断我国饲料粮的区域产消平衡特征对农业相关政策的制订具有重要的现实意义。论文在详细分析各省区不同畜牧产品粮食转化系数的基础上,对区域饲料粮的产消平衡状态及其原因进行了研究。结果显示:1)近年来我国饲料粮消费量快速上升,由2000年的21 730万t增长到2015年的30 549万t,15 a间增长了8 819万t。2)2015年生猪饲料粮消耗量最大,比例达到了44.4%,占据了我国饲料消耗总量的半壁江山。其次为禽蛋与禽肉消耗,消费占比分别为15.8%与12.7%;牛肉、羊肉、牛奶与水产品的饲料粮消费量比例均在5%~9%之间。3)2015年全国饲料粮总计短缺4 276万t,区域上呈现“北余南缺”的格局,东北黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古三省(区)成为我国最重要的饲料粮供应区域。从粮食转换系数与饲养结构来看,“北粮南运”现象是粮食资源的合理配置。论文提出三点政策建议:1)转变消费结构,增加牛肉与牛奶的消费量;2)推动“以粮为纲”向“粮经饲”三元种植结构转变;3)充分利用国际市场,从全球视角保护粮食安全。 相似文献
6.
Kimpo metropolitan landfill has received various kinds of wastessince January 1992. The leachate level was measured to be 10.3 m in May 1995 and the level increased to 12.2 m in August 1996. Therefore, to prove the reason for the increasing leachate level, we calibrated hydraulic conductivity of each waste andintermediate layer using the HELP (Hydrologic Evaluation ofLandfill Performance) model. The leachate generation data measured from February 1993 to October 1995 was used in the model calibration. As a result of a model calibration, we obtained anaverage infiltration ratio and used this in analysis of the total water balance to predict elevation of leachate level. Main causes of the elevation of the leachate level were the high water content of the waste and the degradation of the leachate-drainage system caused by the subsidence of a naturalbarrier layer. 相似文献
7.
8.
骆马湖的氮磷平衡及实施截污工程对水质改善效果的研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
骆马湖“九五”期间的氮磷平衡分析结果表明:氮磷在骆马湖湖体中的滞留量分别为1188.89t/a和193.36t/a。根据骆马湖的水质要求,在骆马湖截污工程完成后,没有新的污染进入水体的前提下,对骆马湖水体通过自然净化恢复到要求状态所需的时间进行了详细的数学推导和科学论证,结果表明,在不考虑底泥营养物质的情况下,只需0.19年左右的时间就能恢复,如果考虑底泥的影响。也只需0.59年左右的时间就能恢复,因此得出结论:对骆马湖实施截污是加速骆马湖水体改善的最佳途径。 相似文献
9.
市场经济体制下的企业环境行为及调控 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
市场经济体制和现代企业制度也逐步建立,企业将表现出三类不同的环境行为,为矫正,引导企业的环境行为,必须建立有效的经济调控手段和强有力的法制保障手段。 相似文献
10.
This paper describes a method for determining reductions of SO2 emissions from coal- and oil-fired power stations, oil refineries and large industrial units in the UK taking into account their pollution potential. The method is based on the use of two gridded data sets: critical loads, which represent the sensitivity of the environment to acid deposition and modelled estimates of total (wet + dry) sulphur deposition for 646 point sources within the UK. An iterative method is used to identify and subsequently reduce emissions from point sources that contribute most to areas of critical loads exceedance. This paper demonstrates how the method may be used to determine an optimal allocation of emissions across the UK which yields the maximum amount of environmental protection per unit of emission.The paper then goes on to consider the changes that will have to take place within the UK power generation industry in order to meet the revised EC Large Combustion Plant Directive which comes into force on 1 January 2008. Particular emphasis is placed upon proposed emissions trading schemes and the environmental implications of allowing trading between stations with high and low pollution potentials. The paper concludes by suggesting that the emissions trading process should take into account the pollution potential of each source, irrespective of whether the proposed emission is within the plant's agreed emission limit. An approach based entirely on minimizing environmental damage rather than one which takes cost into account, as in current integrated assessment modelling, could provide an interesting approach across the rest of Europe. 相似文献