以羟胺为底物的自养脱氮微量热研究

羟胺（NH₂OH）是单级自养脱氮系统物质转化的重要中间产物。从稳定运行（氨氮去除率维持90%以上，总氮去除率维持在80%以上）的单级自养脱氮工艺（SBBR）取活性污泥放入量热池，加入不同浓度N-NH₂OH（40～200 mg/L）进行量热实验研究。结果表明，用Boltzmann模型可以很好地表达量热值与NH₂OH浓度的关系，超过一定浓度的羟胺会抑制微生物活性，自营养脱氮过程的产热增量降低。     

三苯类废气处理进展

综述了近年来三苯类废气处理所采用的方法,如吸收法、吸附法、催化氧化法、生物法、光催化法和低温等离子体法等,对各种方法的处理机理、处理效果以及优缺点进行了概括和分析,并指出联用技术将是未来的发展方向.     

西安市及周边地区MODIS气溶胶光学厚度与PM10浓度关系模型研究

西安是空气污染监控和防治有代表性的西部大型城市。研究了西安市及周边地区上空气溶胶光学厚度与PM10浓度的关系模型。利用2011—2012年MODIS卫星气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）遥感产品，通过数据匹配，利用地面气象观测站点的能见度数据和相对湿度数据对AOD产品进行垂直标高订正和湿度订正，2项订正显著提高了AOD和地面PM10浓度的相关性，相关系数从0．36提高到0．65，按季节分类统计和订正春至冬四季的相关系数分别为0．57、0．71、0．62和0．87，夏季和冬季的订正更为有效，可用性更高，这可能由于受到不同季节气溶胶来源和特征的影响。为研究中国西部大型城市，特别是西安市空气环境监测和区域联防联控提供了一种有效方法。     

表面活性剂改性4A分子筛对Cr(VI)的吸附行为

采用浸渍法对4A分子筛进行表面改性,通过引入阳离子表面活性剂,使4A分子筛表面附着季铵型阳离子,并与反离子Br-形成"阴离子交换膜",从而促使更多的Cr(VI)阴离子通过离子交换吸附到改性4A分子筛上,通过X-射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对样品的物相结构和组成进行表征分析。研究表明,表面活性剂的类型和疏水碳氢链结构会影响4A分子筛的吸附能力,十八烷基三甲基溴化铵(OTAB)碳氢链长,在分子筛表面形成的双分子层密,对Cr(VI)的吸附量最大。采用准一级、准二级、Elovich和Bangham动力学模型对六价铬的吸附数据进行拟合,其中准一级动力学方程最符合十八烷基三甲基溴化铵改性分子筛的吸附行为。同时,分别从Langmuir和Redlich-Peterson等温吸附模型获得六价铬的最大吸附量为13.98 mg/g,且改性分子筛以均一表面吸附为主。     

Monitoring and assessing variation of sewage quality and microbial functional groups in a trunk sewer line

In this study, the variation of sewage quality was investigated and the active fraction of different microbial functional groups in biofilm was quantified in a 5.6-km trunk sewer line. The sewage quality including suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, total chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen were measured and compared with the values in literatures. The results indicated that since the wastewater treatment plant was not operated at its full capacity, the concentrations of different compounds were lower compared with the values in literatures. The values of heterotrophic growth rate constant lay between 5.6 and 8.6 day^???1. Its average value was 7.7 day^???1. The values of heterotrophic lysis rate constant lay between 0.2 and 0.4 day^???1. The active heterotrophic biomass in biofilm varied from 240 to 800 mg COD m^???2 and average value was 497 mg COD m^???2. The biofilm mass varied from 880 to 1,080 mg m^???2. The percentage of heterotroph to biofilm mass fall within the range of 24.0–90.9% and average value was 52.9%. In the oxygen uptake rate batch tests, the biomass, growth rate constant, and lysis rate constant of autotroph could not be determined because the fraction of autotroph in biofilm was relatively few. It revealed that the degradation of organic matters, nitrification, and denitrification occurred in the trunk sewer line. But the results indicate that the condition seem favorable for nitrification.     

两阶段曝气生物滤池的硝化性能

曝气生物滤池(BAF)是近年来受到广泛关注的一种新型污水处理技术,具有占地面积少、投资费用低、处理效率高、出水水质好等优点。现已被应用于许多污水处理厂的二级处理、深度处理以及污水的回用。实验以陶粒为填料,自行设计了升流式两阶段BAFs(UBAFs)处理模拟生活污水,考察了反应器运行条件对COD与氨氮去除影响,并探讨了UBAFs反应器内氮流失及同步硝化反硝化情况。结果表明,UBAFs对生活污水处理具有良好的净化效果。在进水COD和氨氮浓度分别为200~363 mg/L和16.8~31.3 mg/L条件下,UBAFs处理出水水质均达到《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》(GB/T 18920-2002)标准,能够满足回用要求。通过采用氮平衡分析方法和借助电子扫描电镜技术,初步认为UBAFs反应器脱氮方式是由于在UBAFs第一阶段局部厌氧环境中以传统方式进行硝化反硝化脱氮,第二阶段是在好氧条件下,异养好氧硝化菌的同步硝化反硝化脱氮。     

基于人工蜂群算法与BP神经网络的水质评价模型

针对BP网络水质评价模型的不足,引入人工蜂群(ABC)算法,将求解BP神经网络各层权值、阀值的过程转化为蜜蜂寻找最佳蜜源的过程,提出了一种新的结合人工蜂群算法的BP网络水质评价方法(ABC-BP)。并以2000—2006年渭河监测断面的10组实测数据作为测试样本对其水质进行了评价,实验结果表明该方法得到的水质评价结果准确,并具有很强的稳定性和鲁棒性。     

Characteristics of springtime profiles and sources of ozone in the low troposphere over northern Taiwan

To quantify the possible sources of the high ambient ozone concentration in the low troposphere over Taiwan, ozone sounding data from a two-year intensive field measurement program conducted in April and early May of 2004 and 2005 in northern Taiwan has been examined. We found that the vertical ozone distributions and occurrence of enhanced ozone in the lower troposphere (below 6 km) mainly resulted from (1)Type NE: the long-range transport of ozone controlled by the prevailing northeasterly winds below 2 km, (2)Type LO: the local photochemical ozone production process, and (3)Type SW: the strong southwest/westerly winds aloft (2–6 km). In the boundary layer (BL), where Asian continental outflow prevails, the average profile for type NE is characterized by a peak ozone concentration of nearly 65 ppb at about 1500 m altitude. For type LO, high ozone concentration with an average ozone concentration greater than 80 ppb was also found in the BL in the case of stagnant atmospheric and sunny weather conditions dominated. For type SW, significant ozone enhancement with average ozone concentration of 70–85 ppb was found at around 4 km altitude. It is about 10 ppb greater than that of the types NE and LO at the same troposphere layer owing to the contribution of the biomass burning over Indochina. Due to Taiwan's unique geographic location, the complex interaction of these ozone features in the BL and aloft, especially features associated with northeasterly and south/southwesterly winds, have resulted in complex characteristics of ozone distributions in the lower troposphere over northern Taiwan.     

反应沉淀一体式矩形环流反应器处理城市污水的影响因素研究

通过中试研究了不同溶解氧浓度、有机负荷、HRT条件下,反应沉淀一体式矩形环流反应器(RPIR)对深圳市南山污水处理厂低C/N城市污水的处理效果。结果表明,在控制溶解氧浓度为1 mg/L、COD容积负荷小于2.5 kg/m3.d、NH4+-N容积负荷不超过0.2 kg/(m3.d)、HRT为4 h时,COD平均去除率可达90%,NH4+-N平均去除率超过80%。RPIR在处理该城市污水过程中具有良好的抗冲击负荷能力,污染物去除效率高,运行稳定。