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排序方式: 共有139条查询结果,搜索用时 18 毫秒
111.
One of the major challenges in developing an effective phytoremediation technology for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) contaminated soils is limited plant uptake resulting from low solubility of TNT. The effectiveness of urea as a solubilizing agent in increasing plant uptake of TNT in hydroponic systems has been documented. Our preliminary greenhouse experiments using urea were also very promising, but further characterization of the performance of urea in highly-complex soil-solution was necessary. The present study investigated the natural retention capacity of four chemically variant soils and optimized the factors influencing the effectiveness of urea in enhancing TNT solubility in the soil solutions. Results show that the extent of TNT sorption and desorption varies with the soil properties, and is mainly dependent on soil organic matter (SOM) content. Hysteretic desorption of TNT in all tested soils suggests irreversible sorption of TNT and indicates the need of using an extractant to increase the release of TNT in soil solutions. Urea significantly (p < 0.0001) enhanced TNT extraction from all soils, by increasing its solubility at the solid/liquid interface. Soil organic matter content and urea application rates showed significant effects, whereas pH did not exert any significant effect on urea catalysis of TNT extraction from soil. The optimum urea application rates (125 or 350 mg kg−1) for maximizing TNT extraction were within the limits set by the agronomic fertilizer-N rates used for major agricultural crops. The data obtained from this batch study will facilitate the optimization of a chemically-catalyzed phytoremediation model for cleaning up TNT-contaminated soils. 相似文献
112.
A fast-growing bottled water market is occasionally challenged by reports calling for contaminant leaching from water-contact materials (plastics). Our focus was on leaching of antimony (Sb) and brominated compounds expressed by total soluble bromine (Br) measurements, including those of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE). Studies are lacking on concomitant leaching of two or more inorganic plastic constituents from the same bottle. A market-representative basket survey of bottled water was initiated in Boston, USA supermarkets. Bottled water classes sampled were: i) non-carbonated (NCR), ii) carbonated (CR), and iii) non-carbonated and enriched (NCRE). Plastic bottle materials sampled were: polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polystyrene (PS), and polycarbonate (PC). Storage conditions for the 31 bottled water samples were: 23 °C temperature, no-shaking and 12 h/12 h light/dark for 60 days of equilibration. Average Br and Sb concentrations after 60-days of storage followed the order of NCR < CR = NCRE, and NCR < CR < NCRE, respectively, suggesting that the presence of dissolved carbon dioxide in CR samples coupled to additions of flavors and color to NCRE could explain the elevated leaching of Br and Sb. Combining all bottled water classes and plastic material types, a highly significant (p < 0.001) correlation was observed between log-transformed soluble Br and Sb concentrations, suggesting similar leaching behavior. Among samples with the highest soluble Br concentrations, BDE-209 congener was qualitatively confirmed in three out of four bottled water samples. The PC, HDPE, and PS samples exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) lower Sb and Br leaching than PET. Upon quantitative validation of PBDE leaching from certain plastic bottles into water, a revisit to existing PBDE exposure assessment reports will be deemed necessary. 相似文献
113.
Groundwater risk assessment at a heavily industrialised catchment and the associated impacts on a peri-urban wetland 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Dimitriou E Karaouzas I Sarantakos K Zacharias I Bogdanos K Diapoulis A 《Journal of environmental management》2008,88(3):526-538
Industrial and agricultural activities often impose significant pressures to the groundwater quality and consequently degrade wetland ecosystems that depend mostly on subsurface water flow. Groundwater vulnerability and risk mapping is a widely used approach to assess the natural protection of aquifers and the associated pollution potential from human activities. In the particular study, the relatively new Pan-European methodology (COP method) has been applied in a highly industrialized peri-urban wetland catchment, located close to Athens city, to map the intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer and evaluate the risk potential originating from local land uses. Groundwater analysis results for various parameters, including Phenols, PCBs and nutrients, have been used to validate the vulnerability and risk estimations while a biological assessment occurred to associate the mapping results with the wetland's ecological status. The results indicated that even though the natural protection of the aquifer is relatively high due to the dominant hydrogeologic and geomorphologic conditions, the groundwater pollution risk is considerable, mainly because of the existing hazardous land uses. The water quality of the groundwater accredited these findings and the ecological status of this peri-urban wetland also indicated significant impacts from industrial effluents. 相似文献
114.
115.
Izydorczyk Grzegorz Mikula Katarzyna Skrzypczak Dawid Trzaska Krzystof Moustakas Konstantinos Witek-Krowiak Anna Chojnacka Katarzyna 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(35):47725-47740
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This literature review outlines the most important—agricultural and non-agricultural—types of sewage sludge management. The potential of... 相似文献
116.
Janajreh Isam Hussain Mohammed Elagroudy Sherien Moustakas Konstantinos 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(1):107-120
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Scrap tire granulation used for crumb rubber tiles and poured-in-place rubber surfaces are waste management strategy for the overgrowing tire... 相似文献
117.
Stergios Vakalis Carlo Caligiuri Konstantinos Moustakas Dimitris Malamis Massimiliano Renzi Marco Baratieri 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(36):35866-35873
There is a growing market demand for small-scale biomass gasifiers that is driven by the economic incentives and the legislative framework. Small-scale gasifiers produce a gaseous fuel, commonly referred to as producer gas, with relatively low heating value. Thus, the most common energy conversion systems that are coupled with small-scale gasifiers are internal combustion engines. In order to increase the electrical efficiency, the operators choose dual fuel engines and mix the producer gas with diesel. The Wiebe function has been a valuable tool for assessing the efficiency of dual fuel internal combustion engines. This study introduces a thermodynamic model that works in parallel with the Wiebe function and calculates the emissions of the engines. This “vis-à-vis” approach takes into consideration the actual conditions inside the cylinders—as they are returned by the Wiebe function—and calculates the final thermodynamic equilibrium of the flue gases mixture. This approach aims to enhance the operation of the dual fuel internal combustion engines by identifying the optimal operating conditions and—at the same time—advance pollution control and minimize the environmental impact. 相似文献
118.
Simeonidis Konstantinos Martinez-Boubeta Carlos Zamora-Pérez Paula Rivera-Gil Pilar Kaprara Efthimia Kokkinos Evgenios Mitrakas Manassis 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(2):705-719
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The implementation of nanotechnology in drinking water treatment is a very promising field for applied research. A major part of this effort focuses on the... 相似文献
119.
Azis Konstantinos Ntougias Spyridon Melidis Paraschos 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(26):33837-33843
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Online sensors, which monitor the ammonia oxidation and the dissimilatory nitrate reduction process, can optimize aerobic and anoxic phase duration.... 相似文献
120.