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41.
42.
The aim of this study was to determine the level of 26 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at parking garages and to provide the necessary annual information based on occupational inhalation exposure and non-occupational inhalation exposure, which carry risks for the environment. For this purpose, 22 samples were collected continuously from both gas and particulates phase PAHs from two parking garages at Konya City Center, Turkey. The exposure-based risk of these samples was evaluated using concentrations of the carcinogenic PAH compounds. None of the 26 PAHs measured had values exceeding the recommended exposure limits (RELs) standard values for inhalation rate recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Exposure levels of gas and particulate PAHs for the occupational group and the public (children and adults who spend time in shopping centers) were found to be 0.07–28.24 μgm?3 and 0.05–5.753 μgm?3, respectively, representing levels two to four times higher than those at the control site. Maximum daily inhalation of B[a]Py was estimated at 1.33 ngd?1 for exposure of the public and as 274 ngd?1 for the occupational group. It is believed that traffic makes a substantial contribution to the PAH profile, which had relatively high concentrations of naphthalene (Napth) and coronene (Coro). Highly carcinogenic dibenzo(a,l)pyrene (B[al]Pyre) was found in the ambient air at two parking garages. Napth and phenanthrene (Phen) were the main compounds found in nearly all the tested samples. In this study, benzo[e]pyrene (B[e]Py) was used as a reference for PAHs because its concentration is stable and does not change seasonally. Considering the importance of these compounds in relation to human health, the aim of this work was to characterize and quantify the more toxic PAHs in parking garages. Conducting PAH sampling and their chemical analysis is very costly and labor intensive. This study produced data that can be a powerful tool for environmental forensics. 相似文献
43.
Tufekcioglu A Guner S Kucuk M 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2004,25(3):317-320
In this study, influence of slope position (south-facing vs. north-facing), species type and sampling time on fine (0-2 mm), small (2-5 mm) and coarse (5-10 mm) root biomass and carbon storage of oriental spruce (Picea orientalis) and oriental beech (Fagus orientalis) were investigated. Mean total root biomass of oriental spruce was 20160 kg ha(-1) in south-facing slopes and 17140 kg ha(-1) in north-facing slopes. Mean total belowground C storage of oriental spruce was 7861 kg ha(-1) in south-facing slopes and 6840 kg ha(-1) in north-facing slopes. Similarly, biomass and C storage of oriental beech were 17190 and 6690 kg ha(-1) in south-facing slopes, and 13260 and 5200 kg ha(-1) in north-facing slopes, respectively. Oriental spruce had significantly higher fine root biomass than did oriental beech in south-facing slopes. Fine root biomass was significantly higher in fall than in spring in south-facing slopes. 相似文献
44.
Conventional mathematical programming methods, such as linear programming, non linear programming, dynamic programming and
integer programming have been used to solve the cost optimization problem for regional wastewater treatment systems. In this
study, a river water quality management model was developed through the integration of a genetic algorithm (GA). This model
was applied to a river system contaminated by three determined discharge sources to achieve the water quality goals and wastewater
treatment cost optimization in the river basin. The genetic algorithm solution, described the treatment plant efficiency,
such that the cost of wastewater treatment for the entire river basin is minimized while the water quality constraints in
each reach are satisfied. This study showed that genetic algorithm can be applied for river water quality modeling studies
as an alternative to the present methods. 相似文献
45.
Degradation of azo dyes in water by Electro-Fenton process 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
Elodie?Guivarch Stephane?Trevin Claude?Lahitte Mehmet?A.?OturanEmail author 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2003,1(1):38-44
The degradation of the azo dyes azobenzene, p-methyl red and methyl orange in aqueous solution at room temperature has been studied by an advanced electrochemical oxidation
process (AEOPs) under potential-controlled electrolysis conditions, using a Pt anode and a carbon felt cathode. The electrochemical
production of Fenton's reagent (H2O2, Fe2+) allows a controlled in situ generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) by simultaneous reduction of dioxygen and ferrous ions on the carbon felt electrode. In turn, hydroxyl radicals react
with azo dyes, thus leading to their mineralization into CO2 and H2O. The chemical composition of the azo dyes and their degradation products during electrolysis were monitored by high performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC). The following degradation products were identified: hydroquinone, 1,4-benzoquinone, pyrocatechol,
4-nitrocatechol, 1,3,5-trihydroxynitrobenzene and p-nitrophenol. Degradation of the initial azo dyes was assessed by the measurement of the chemical oxygen demand (COD). Kinetic
analysis of these data showed a pseudo-first order degradation reaction for all azo dyes. A pathway of degradation of azo
dyes is proposed. Specifically, the degradation of dyes and intermediates proceeds by oxidation of azo bonds and aromatic
ring by hydroxyl radicals. The results display the efficiency of the Electro-Fenton process to degrade organic matter.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
46.
Berkun M 《Chemosphere》2005,59(2):207-215
Inorganic metals besides their direct toxic effects, carry the potential of causing serious variations on existing ecosystems in receiving waters. Self purification mechanism is vital for the continuity of the existing micro and macro living organisms in the streams. This mechanism is effected from the existence of metals. In this study, interferences of HgCl2, HgSO4, Ni(NO3)2, CrCl3, CuSO4.5H2O, K2Cr2O7, ZnSO4.7H2O and Al2(SO4)3.18H2O metal compounds on respirometric BOD and related effects on the self purification, are investigated with the representative formations of DO deficit curves. In the presence of these metals, streamwater BOD parameters and related DO deficit curve formations are significantly effected. 相似文献
47.
Isaev Abdulgalim B. Shabanov Nabi S. Magomedova Asiyat G. Nidheesh P. V. Oturan Mehmet A. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(5):2863-2911
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Pollution of waters by azo dyes is a major global issue because some azo dyes have carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. Therefore, advanced methods are required to... 相似文献
48.
Oleksandra Ganzenko Nihal Oturan Ignasi Sirés David Huguenot Eric D. van Hullebusch Giovanni Esposito Mehmet A. Oturan 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2018,16(1):281-286
Cytostatic drugs are a troublesome class of emerging pollutants in water owing to their potential effects on DNA. Here we studied the removal of 5-fluorouracil from water using the electro-Fenton process. Galvanostatic electrolyses were performed with an undivided laboratory-scale cell equipped with a boron-doped diamond anode and a carbon felt cathode. Results show that the fastest degradation and almost complete mineralization was obtained at a Fe2+ catalyst concentration of 0.2 mM. The absolute rate constant for oxidation of 5-fluorouracil by hydroxyl radicals was 1.52 × 109 M?1 s?1. Oxalic and acetic acids were initially formed as main short-chain aliphatic by-products, then were completely degraded. After 6 h the final solution mainly contained inorganic ions (NH4 +, NO3 ? and F?) and less than 10% of residual organic carbon. Hence, electro-Fenton constitutes an interesting alternative to degrade biorefractory drugs. 相似文献
49.
Tufekcioglu A Kucuk M Saglam B Bilgili E Altun L 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2010,31(3):369-373
Fire is an important tool in the management of forest ecosystems. Although both prescribed and wildland fires are common in Turkey, few studies have addressed the influence of such disturbances on soil properties and root biomass dynamics. In this study, soil properties and root biomass responses to prescribed fire were investigated in 25-year-old corsican pine (Pinus nigra Arn.) stands in Kastamonu, Turkey. The stands were established by planting and were subjected to prescribed burning in July 2003. Soil respiration rates were determined every two months using soda-lime method over a two-year period. Fine (0-2 mm diameter) and small root (2-5 mm diameter) biomass were sampled approximately bimonthly using sequential coring method. Mean daily soil respiration ranged from 0.65 to 2.19 g Cm(-2) d(-1) among all sites. Soil respiration rates were significantly higher in burned sites than in controls. Soil respiration rates were correlated significantly with soil moisture and soil temperature. Fine root biomass was significantly lower in burned sites than in control sites. Mean fine root biomass values were 4940 kg ha(-1) for burned and 5450 kg ha(-1) for control sites. Soil pH was significantly higher in burned sites than in control sites in 15-35 cm soil depth. Soil organic matter content did not differ significantly between control and burned sites. Our results indicate that, depending on site conditions, fire could be used successfully as a tool in the management of forest stands in the study area. 相似文献
50.
Environmental supply chain is a desirable alternative to traditional supply chain due to new and stricter environmental regulations by local governments and increasing consumer awareness towards environmental issues. The two most common types of environmental supply chains are reverse supply chains and closed-loop supply chains. In reverse or closed-loop supply chains, collected used products are subjected to one of four recovery options, viz., reuse, recycling, remanufacturing or disposal. Regardless of the chosen recovery option, all products are disassembled up to some level. However, there is a high level of uncertainty associated with the disassembly yield due to non-functional and/or missing components. Sensor embedded products (SEPs) is a viable approach to cope with this uncertainty since they involve sensors which can detect non-functional and/or missing components prior to disassembly. This study presents a quantitative assessment of the impact of SEPs on the various performance measures of a kanban-controlled disassembly line. First, separate design of experiments studies based on Orthogonal Arrays are carried out for conventional products and SEPs. Then, the results of paired t-tests comparing the two cases based on different performance measures are presented. 相似文献