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41.
Otolith microstructure and microchemistry were examined in juveniles of Australasian shortfinned eel, Anguilla australis, from Australia and New Zealand. Patterns in otolith increment widths were similar in these two stocks. A marked increase
in otolith increment width was found from age 138 to 198 d (mean ± SD: 164 ± 18.6 d) from Australia, 161 to 208 d (185 ± 17.3 d)
from the western coast of New Zealand and 161 to 211 d (187 ± 18.9 d) from the eastern coast. These changes coincided with
a drastic decrease in otolith Sr:Ca ratios, suggesting that metamorphosis began at these ages in each species. The duration
of metamorphosis estimated from otolith microstructure was the same in the different stocks, 17 to 41 d (mean ± SD: 27 ± 5.4 d).
Ages at recruitment were 186 to 239 d (mean ± SD: 208 ± 17.4 d) from Australia, 214 to 263 d (232 ± 19.8 d) from the western
coast of New Zealand and 208 to 266 d (237 ± 20.0 d) from the eastern coast. There was a significant difference in the age
between the Australian stock and the two stocks from New Zealand. No significant difference was found in the age between the
latter two stocks. The difference in the period for the recruitment between Australian and New Zealand stocks seems to reflect
their geographical separation.
Received: 1 March 1999 / Accepted: 19 July 1999 相似文献
42.
Wittaya Chuajiw Mitsuru Nakano Kazumasa Takatori Toshiya Kojim Yoshiki Wakimoto Yoshiaki Fukushima 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(12):2507-2515
The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption and calcium ion (Ca^2+) concentration besides the pH of aqueous solution were observed during the COz absorption to precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO3) from calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). A reaction rate-limiting effect of an amount of CO2 absorption without any organic additives in the early stage of the precipitation was observed, which was attributed to an interruption effect of bicarbonate ion (HCO3) on the precipitation of CaCO3. The improvement for the reaction rate was achieved not only by amine additives but also by neutral additives such as ε-caprolactam or amine salt. When the hexamethylene diamine was dissolved in the solution, successive change of crystal forms of CaCO3 aragonite to calcite in aqueous suspensions, confirmed by Ca^2+ concentration change and X-ray diffraction, was concluded that a local environment around the amine group in aqueous solution and an interaction of the diamine with precipitated CaCO3 particles were important factors for these reactions. 相似文献
43.
Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli Ferdaus Mohamat-Yusuff Takaomi Arai Ahmad Ismail Nobuyuki Miyazaki 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,169(1-4):457-472
Concentrations of 11 trace elements (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Cd, Pb, and U) were determined in the intertidal surface sediments of Peninsular Malaysia. The average trace element concentrations are ranked as follows: Zn>V>As>Cr>Pb>Cu>Ni>Co>U>g>Cd. Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines (ISQGs) employed in present study are the Australia and New Zealand joint guideline (ANZECC/ARMCANZ), and the Hong Kong authorities. From the pooled data, none of these trace elements have the average concentration above the ISQG-high values. However, As and Ag average concentrations were over the ISQG-low values. Some elements were found to have the average concentration above the ISQG-high and/or ISQG-low in certain locations, including Kampung Pasir Putih (JPP), Lumut Port (ALP), Kuala Perai (PKP), Port Dickson (NPD), and others. The lowest and highest concentrations in a specific sampling location and maritime area varied among the elements, variations that were greatly affected by natural and anthropogenic activities in a given area. For each trace element, there were various levels of concentration among the sampling locations and maritime areas. These patterns indicated pollutant sources of an element for each area perhaps derived from nearby areas and did not widely distributed to other locations. It is necessary for Malaysia to develop an ISQG for effective quick screening and evaluation of the coastal environment of Peninsular Malaysia. 相似文献
44.
In order to understand the migratory history and habitat use of the tropical anguillid eels Anguilla
celebesensis, A. marmorata, and A. bicolor bicolor, the otolith strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) concentrations were examined for eels collected in Indonesian waters. In A. bicolor bicolor collected in a lagoon, the change in Sr:Ca ratios outside the high Sr:Ca core generally indicated two patterns of habitat
residence: (1) constant living in either brackish or sea waters with no freshwater life (25%) and (2) habitat shifts from
fresh water to brackish or sea waters (75%). No A. bicolor bicolor had a general life history as a freshwater resident. A.
celebesensis and A. marmorata from the uppermost freshwater lake showed freshwater life history patterns. The wide range of otolith Sr:Ca ratios in A. bicolor bicolor indicated that the habitat use of this tropical eel was facultative among fresh, brackish, and marine waters during the growth
phase after recruitment to coastal areas similar to that for temperate eels. Thus, the migration of anguillid eels into fresh
water is clearly not an obligatory. 相似文献
45.
46.
Masaru Watanabe Shuhei Sawamoto Tadafumi Adschiri Kunio Arai 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2001,3(2):99-102
This paper gives the results of partial oxidation experiments of polyethylene (PE) in supercritical water (SCW). The experiments
were carried out at a reaction temperature of 693K and a reaction time of 30 min using 6 cm3 of a batch-type reactor. The loaded sample weight was 0.3 g and there was 2.52 g water (0.42 g/cm3). The ratio of oxygen atoms to carbon atoms was 0.3. The results show a significant CO formation in O2–SCW, and the 1-alkene/n-alkane ratio in partial oxidation was higher than that in SCW pyrolysis. These results suggest the possibility of the hydrogenation
of hydrocarbon through partial oxidation followed by a water–gas shift reaction.
Received: July 19, 2000 / Accepted: September 28, 2000 相似文献
47.
Midorikawa S Arai T Harino H Ohji M Duc Cu N Miyazaki N 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2004,131(3):401-408
Levels of butyltin (BT) and phenyltin (PT) compounds were determined in sediments and clam Meretrix spp. collected from north and central coastal areas in Vietnam. Concentrations of TBT in sediments ranged from 0.89 to 34 ng g(-1) dry wt and those in clams ranged from 1.4 to 56 ng g(-1) wet wt. The levels of TBT in sediments and clams from Vietnam were within limits reported from other countries. Further, the TBT level in clams was lower than the tolerable average residue level (TARL) estimated based on tolerable daily intake (TDI). Trace amounts of PTs were also found in both sediment and clam samples. In sediments from north and central Vietnam, the concentrations of TBT were highest in the order of Hue (28 ng g(-1) dry wt), Cua Luc (15 ng g(-1) dry wt), Sam Son (6.3 ng g(-1) dry wt), and Tra Co (5.5 ng g(-1) dry wt). Among the clams from north and central Vietnam, the levels of TBT in clams from Cua Luc were dramatically high at 47 ng g(-1) wet wt. TBT formed the principal butyltin species in sediment at all sites studied. The ratios of TBT in sediment were higher among BT compounds at all study sites. Of total BTs, TBT was the dominant species in clams from almost all sites studied. In spatial distribution, TPT showed a pattern similar to TBT, suggesting the use of TPT as an antifouling paint. The partition coefficient between sediment and calms was calculated. The partition coefficients of TBT and TPT were 2.01 (0.56-5.5) and 9.23 (3.1-20), respectively. These results show that sediment-bound TBT is a source of contamination to clams in addition to dissolved TBT. 相似文献
48.
49.
1991-1992年对重庆市郊若干酸化水体的生物待正与理化参数进行综合研究的结果表明,藻类的种类数、细胞密度、生物量和叶绿素a含量以及浮游动物的种类数等均与呈正相关,但与H+和总Al浓度呈负相关。浮游动物的个体密度在酸化水体中明显下降,但是鱼的捕食作用掩盖了其与上述化学参数之间的相关性。水体中H+和总Al浓度的增加在很大程度上对浮游生物产生了不利影响,水体的透明度、总Al.TP和SO与pH的相关性十分明显,r值分别为-0.6375、-0.6868、0.7561和0.7323。 相似文献
50.
Kanjana Adulyanukosol Surasak Thongsukdee Takeshi Hara Nobuaki Arai Makoto Tsuchiya 《Marine Biology》2007,151(5):1887-1891
The seagrass beds at Muk Island and Talibong Island in Thailand are important areas for dugong (Dugong dugon) feeding and reproduction. We used opportunistic observations during aerial surveys to investigate dugong mating behavior
in shallow water areas near Talibong Island on three different days. The mating pattern was categorized by five stages: (1)
following: the male followed the female, (2) approaching and stimulating: the male approached and muzzled the female, (3)
pairing: both male and female swam in parallel, ventral to ventral or dorsal to dorsal side, (4) mounting: the male copulated
with the female, and (5) separating: the male and female swam in different directions. Parental care of calves included one
observation of a cow embracing her neonatal calf by the flippers. 相似文献