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71.
Wayne L. Myers Koji Kurihara Ganapati P. Patil Ryan Vraney 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2006,13(4):379-390
Across a spectrum of contemporary contexts from public health to landscape ecology and natural resources, there is need for
objective determination of elevated occurrence in phenomena such as disease incidence and biodiversity. Occurrences of such
phenomena constitute response surfaces, but data regarding the surface is typically acquired in a cellular framework. The
cells may comprise a regular grid, or may be of irregular shapes such as counties in which statistics are collected. Echelons
are a topologically based approach to systematic determination of spatial structure in a step surface. Spatial scan statistics
are a probability-based approach to the same issue when interest lies in a rate variable. Here we examine the use of echelons
both separately and in conjunction with the SaTScan implementation of spatial scan statistics for purposes of determination
and visualization of upper-level sets. Consideration is given to both conventional geographic space and to the cellular pseudo-space
of contingency tables for ordered categorical variables.
Received: August 2002 / Revised: July 2005 相似文献
72.
Natsuko Ito Kondo Daisei Yamanaka Yuya Kanbe Yoko Kawate Kunitake Masahiro Yoneda Koji Tsuchida Koichi Goka 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(4):467-475
The European bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, is an invasive eusocial species whose distribution is expanding greatly beyond its native range because numerous colonies
are imported to or locally produced in non-native countries for pollination of agricultural crops. Closely related species
exist in Japan where the unrestricted import and use of B. terrestris has resulted in the establishment of wild colonies. Laboratory studies previously showed that B. terrestris and Japanese native species can copulate and produce fertilized eggs. Although these eggs do not hatch, the interspecific
mating can cause a serious reproductive disturbance to native bumblebees. In this study, we determined the frequencies of
interspecies mating between B. terrestris males and native bumblebee queens in the wild on the islands of Hokkaido and Honshu by analyzing the DNA sequences of spermatozoa
stored in spermathecae of native queens. We found that 20.2% of B. hypocrita hypocrita queens and 30.2% of B. hypocrita sapporoensis queens had spermatozoa of B. terrestris males in their spermathecae. Given that a Bombus queen generally mates only once in her life, such high frequencies of interspecific mating with B. terrestris pose serious threats to the populations of native bumblebees in Japan. 相似文献
73.
Scenario analysis for reduction of pollutant load discharged from a watershed
by recycling of treated water for irrigation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Eisaku Shiratani Yoshiyuki Munakat Ikuo Yoshinag Tomijiro Kubot Koji Hama Tadayoshi Hitomi 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(6):878-884
A model in which a river model was layered on a distributed model (double-layered model) was developed to analyse the transport of water and pollutants (nitrogen,phosphorus,and BOD as organic matter) in watersheds and rivers.The model was applied to the watershed of Abragafuchi Lake,Japan,where serious water pollution has occurred over three decades,and the applicability of the model was demonstrated.Scenarios of recycling of sewage treated-water into agriculture to reduce pollutant load discharged into the lake were analysed.The results showed that irrigating paddy fields with the sewage-treated water could contribute to conserving water and reducing pollutant load,with reduction rate in BOD,nitrogen,and phosphorus ranging from 6%–36%,16%–46%,and 18%–51%,respectively.Particularly,the results indicated that,irrigating paddy fields with the treated water during non-cropping periods and the accompanying reduction in withdrawn water from the river were more effective in reducing pollutant loads discharged into the lake.Further study is required on the effect of recycled water on crop cultivation and soil conditions for safe implementation. 相似文献
74.
Yuka Setoguchi Hidetaka Nomaki Tomo Kitahashi Hiromi Watanabe Koji Inoue Nanako O. Ogawa Motohiro Shimanaga 《Marine Biology》2014,161(8):1775-1785
In contrast to specific large benthic invertebrates in chemosynthetic ecosystems such as hydrothermal vents, meiofaunal communities in such habitats have been reported to have strong taxonomic overlap with meiofauna in the adjacent “normal” environments. However, meiofauna have only recently been included in studies of those environments and detailed information on these communities is still rare. This is especially true in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, even though there are many seamounts with active vents in the calderas of the region. Nematode community composition at the genus level in sediments from a hydrothermal vent field in the caldera of Myojin Knoll (32°06′N, 139°52′E, depth 1,300 m), a seamount on the Izu-Ogasawara Arc, Japan, was investigated for the first time and was compared with adjacent non-vent areas inside and outside the caldera. Multivariate analyses showed that the composition of nematodes in the hydrothermal field was significantly different from that in the non-hydrothermal fields around the caldera. However, the common genera, such as Oxystomina, Pareudesmoscolex, Desmoscolex, and Microlaimus were found in two, or all three vent fields while their rank contributions differed among the three fields. When the data from Myojin Knoll were compared with those from other deep-sea vent environments in different regions (e.g., North Fiji Basin, East Pacific Rise, Mid-Atlantic Ridge), the nematode composition in the vent field of the Myojin caldera was more similar to that of the non-vent fields around the caldera than the composition in vent fields of other regions. These data from the Northwest Pacific Ocean also suggest the absence of long-range transport systems and local adaptations for meiofauna in hydrothermal vent fields. 相似文献
75.
Hideaki Nishizawa Yuta Naito Hiroyuki Suganuma Osamu Abe Junichi Okuyama Koichi Hirate Shinichi Tanaka Emi Inoguchi Koji Narushima Kiyoshige Kobayashi Hisakazu Ishii Shigeo Tanizaki Masato Kobayashi Akira Goto Nobuaki Arai 《Marine Biology》2013,160(10):2671-2685
In order to develop effective conservation strategies for endangered migratory species, the link between feeding and breeding grounds needs to be clarified. In this study, the genetic compositions of consecutive Japanese feeding aggregations of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) along the Kuroshio Current were examined by mixed-stock analyses of mitochondrial DNA control-region sequences. The results indicated that the southern feeding aggregation around Yaeyama (24.3°N, 124.0°E) was sourced from various Pacific rookeries in the Yaeyama, Ogasawara, Western Pacific, and Indian Oceans and Southeast Asia. Among northern feeding aggregations, the Ginoza (26.5°N, 128.0°E) aggregation was also sourced from the Western Pacific Ocean, but the Nomaike (31.4°N, 130.1°E), Muroto (33.2°N, 134.2°E), and Kanto (35.6°N, 140.5°E) aggregations were contributed mostly by the closer Ogasawara rookeries. The reduced contribution from tropical Pacific rookeries to northern feeding aggregations and the significant correlation between genetic differentiation and geographical distance matrices of feeding aggregations indicated that most hatchlings from these regions transported by the Kuroshio Current settle in upstream feeding grounds along the Japanese archipelago, implying that current flow influences the composition of feeding aggregations. Differences in the composition of relatively close neritic feeding aggregations have important conservation implications, for which both regional and multinational conservation strategies are needed. 相似文献
76.
Hideaki Miyata Koji Takayama Junji Ogaki Mayumi Mimura Takashi Kashimoto Shigehiko Fukushima 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(2):91-101
In order to search the source of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in blue mussel in Osaka bay, sediments from Osaka bay and from rivers running near an urban municipal incinerator were analysed for PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs. The river and estuary sediments were all found to be contaminated with PCDDs at average levels of 9.8 and 12ppb on the dry basis, PCDFs of 7.8 and 5.1 ppb, and PCBs of 1600 and 1300ppb, respectively. The two sediments contained similar profiles of specific isomers and congeners of PCDDs and PCDFs with each other. In addition, there was observed positive close correlations between PCDD and PCDF levels in the two specimens as well as fly ash from urban municipal incinerators. These allow the conclusion that the main source of the two chemicals in Osaka bay is fly ash from waste incineration. 相似文献
77.
Yoshihisa Ohko Yuri Nakamura Nobuaki Negishi Sadao Matsuzawa Koji Takeuchi 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2010,8(3):289-294
We have discovered that HNO3 and related species are released from the TiO2 surface into air in the TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation of NO2 (1 ppm) under continuous UV light illumination (1 mW cm−2) by dehumidifying the outlet gas of the reaction and analyzing the recovered condensate liquid by ion chromatography. The
origin of the HNO3 recovered in the dehumidifier could not be explained by a simple desorption of HNO3 overproduced on the TiO2 surface. The produced HNO3 must be activated on the TiO2 surface and causing the unidentified reaction. 相似文献
78.
Juveniles of Leiognathus nuchalis were raised from fertilized eggs for up to 60 d and examined for luminescence activity. Almost all juveniles raised separately
from adults failed to produce detectable light. In contrast, a significant percentage (33 to 100%) of the juveniles became
luminescent in less than 48 h when they were either kept with adults or inoculated with a homogenate of the adult light organs.
The luminescence tended to increase with time after the treatments. These findings suggest that: (1) most of L. nuchalis offspring typically hatch and develop apo-symbiotically and (2) at least 45 d after hatching, juveniles can be infected with
symbiotic luminous bacteria from the light organ of adult fish, and thereby gain the ability to produce light.
Received: 16 February 1999 / Accepted: 21 September 1999 相似文献
79.
Yuki Kojima Koji Inazu Yoshiharu Hisamatsu Hiroshi Okochi Toshihide Baba Toshio Nagoya 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(24):2873-2880
Temporal and spatial variations in concentrations of particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nitrated and oxygenated derivatives (nitro-PAHs and oxy-PAHs) were investigated to assess the influence of secondary formation on atmospheric occurrences of oxy-PAHs associated with particulate matter in downtown Tokyo, Japan. The daily variation in concentration of 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (1,8-NA) in summer 2007 was similar to that for 2-nitrofluoranthene (2-NF), a representative secondary formed nitro-PAH, while the variation for benzanthrone (BA) was similar to PAHs. In addition, the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) associated with airborne particulate matter decreased in the order of PAHs > BA > 9-fluorenone (9-FO) or 9,10-anthraquinone (9,10-AQ) > 1,8-NA with an increase in distance from the roadside, whereas 2-NF was constant. These results suggest that a considerable fraction of some oxy-PAHs such as 1,8-NA associated with airborne particulate matter in downtown Tokyo originates from atmospheric secondary formation. 相似文献
80.