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排序方式: 共有1153条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
991.
Mohadeseh Madadizadeh Mohammad Ali Taher Hamid Ashkenani 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(5):4097-4105
The present research reports on the application of modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes as a new, easily prepared, and stable solid sorbent for the column preconcentration of ultra-trace amounts of cadmium in aqueous solution. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes were oxidized with concentrated HNO3 and modified with 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol and then were used as a solid phase for the column preconcentration of Cd(II). Elution was carried out with 0.5 mol?L?1 HNO3. The amount of eluted Cd(II) was measured using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Various parameters such as pH, sample and eluent flow rate, eluent concentration, breakthrough volume, and interference of a great number of anions and cations on the retention of analyte on sorbent were studied. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the range of 0.67 ng?L?1 to 5.0 μg?L?1 and the detection limit (3Sb, n?=?7) was 0.14 ng?L?1 in initial solution. A preconcentration factor of 300 and relative standard deviations of ±3.6 % for seven successive determinations of 3 ng of Cd(II) were achieved. The column preconcentration was successfully applied to the analysis of river water, waste water, and Persian Gulf water sample. 相似文献
992.
Sawdust, one of the materials used as sorbent for removing spilled oil from polluted environments was naturally colonized by hydrocarbon-utilizing fungi, 1 × 105-2 × 105 colony forming units (CFU) g−1, depending on the hydrocarbon substrate. This sorbent was initially free of hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria. Incubating wet sawdust at 30 °C resulted in gradually increasing the fungal counts to reach after 6 months between 5 × 106 and 7 × 106 CFU g−1, and the appearance of hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria in numbers between 8 × 104 and 3 × 105 cells g−1. The fungi belonged to the genera Candida (32% of the total), Penicillium (21%), Aspergillus (15%), Rhizopus (12%), Cladosporium (9%), Mucor (7%) and Fusarium (4%). Based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences the bacteria were affiliated to Actinobacterium sp. (38%), Micrococcus luteus (30%), Rhodococcus erythropolis, (19%) and Rhodococcus opacus (13%). Individual pure fungal and bacterial isolates grew on a wide range of individual pure aliphatic (n-alkanes with chain lengths between C9 and C40) and aromatic (benzene, biphenyl, anthracene, naphthalene and phenanthrene) hydrocarbons as sole sources of carbon and energy. Quantitative determinations revealed that all fungal and bacterial isolates could consume considerable proportions of crude oil, phenanthrene (an aromatic hydrocarbon) and n-hexadecane (an aliphatic hydrocarbon) in batch cultures. It was concluded that when sawdust is used as a sorbent, the associated microorganisms probably contribute to the bioremediation of oil and hydrocarbon pollutants in the environment. 相似文献
993.
Azhar Ali 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2010,30(8-9):1437-1438
994.
Sewage sludge represents a critical environmental issue in Egypt. Large quantities of CKD are emitted from cement factories. It has negative impacts on humans, animals, plants, lands, water, and all remaining environment. It causes serious problems on the national level. Besides using CKD for sludge treatment and reuse as soil conditioner, a new scenario is to use it as catalytic convertor of some hydrocarbons. Results showed that CKD is used to separate the organic matters and suspended solids, reduce the organic micropollutants, scavenge heavy metals, and destruct viruses, parasites, and all pathogenic bacteria. The dehydrogenation of isopropanol to acetone and alcohol condensation of the produced acetone to give methyl isobutyl ketone over different catalyst samples was studied using a flow technique under normal pressure. Results revealed that treatment of raw sludge led to an increase in catalytic activity toward acetone formation by 50?% at 400?°C. A treatment system was proposed for continuous operation. 相似文献
995.
Baharuddin MR Sahid IB Noor MA Sulaiman N Othman F 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2011,46(7):600-607
A cross-section analytical study was conducted to evaluate the risk of pesticide exposure to those applying the Class II pesticides 2,4-D and paraquat in the paddy-growing areas of Kerian, Perak, Malaysia. It investigated the influence of weather on exposure as well as documented health problems commonly related to pesticide exposure. Potential inhalation and dermal exposure for 140 paddy farmers (handlers of pesticides) were assessed. Results showed that while temperature and humidity affected exposure, windspeed had the strongest impact on pesticide exposure via inhalation. However, the degree of exposure to both herbicides via inhalation was below the permissible exposure limits set by United States National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Dermal Exposure Assessment Method (DREAM) readings showed that dermal exposure with manual spraying ranged from moderate to high. With motorized sprayers, however, the level of dermal exposure ranged from low to moderate. Dermal exposure was significantly negatively correlated with the usage of protective clothing. Various types of deleterious health effects were detected among users of manual knapsack sprayers. Long-term spraying activities were positively correlated with increasing levels of the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) liver enzyme. The type of spraying equipment, usage of proper protective clothing and adherence to correct spraying practices were found to be the most important factors influencing the degree of pesticide exposure among those applying pesticides. 相似文献
996.
Vinay Kumar Tyagi Akanksha Bhatia Rubia Zahid Gaur Abid Ali Khan Muntajir Ali Anwar Khursheed Absar Ahmad Kazmi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(12):7517-7529
The present study investigated the effects of heavy metals (Ni, Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb) toxicity on the performance of 18 MLD activated sludge process-based sewage treatment plant (STP) during celebration of Holi (festival of colors in India). The composite sampling (n?=?32) was carried out during the entire study period. The findings show a significant decrease in chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency (20%) of activated sludge system, after receiving the heavy metals laden wastewater. A significant reduction of 40% and 60% were observed in MLVSS/MLSS ratio and specific oxygen uptake rate, which eventually led to a substantial decrease in biomass growth yield (from 0.54 to 0.17). The toxic effect of metals ions was also observed on protozoan population. Out of the 12 mixed liquor species recorded, only two ciliates species of Vorticella and Epistylis exhibited the greater tolerance against heavy metals toxicity. Furthermore, activated sludge shows the highest metal adsorption affinity for Cu, followed by Zn, Pb, Ni, and Cd (Cu?>?Zn?>?Pb?>?Ni?>?Cd). Finally, this study proves the robustness of activated sludge system against the sudden increase in heavy metal toxicity since it recovered the earlier good quality performance within 5?days. 相似文献
997.
Mowlavi AA Fornasier MR Binesh A de Denaro M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(2):1085-1088
Environmental monitoring and indoor radon measurement are important for public health, to estimate the cancer risk of respiratory
system and, if necessary, to suggest proper methods that reduce indoor radon level. In this research, indoor radon concentration
in the air has been measured in 150 apartments in Mashhad city. The result demonstrates about 94.7% of apartments have radon
concentration less than 100 Bq/m3, taken by WHO as the action level, and 5.3% have the concentration higher than this level. As well as, annual radon dose
has been assessed using the equation for annual effective dose calculation introduced by United Nations Scientific Committee
on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. 相似文献
998.
Mohammad Sadegh Sekhavatjou Ali Rostami Azam Sadat Hoseini Alhashemi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,163(1-4):467-476
Tehran is one of the megacities of the world with a population of over eight million. Its air is highly polluted mainly due to the suspended particulate matters, which encompasses a wide spectrum of chemical elements. These elements based on their type, size, and impact on the life cycle have various environmental and heath risks. In this research, the neutron activation method is used to determine the concentration levels of Al, Ba, Fe, Mg, and V in the urban air. Thus, two districts of Tehran with different characteristics are selected. District 21 includes much of the industries located in Tehran metropolitan and is considered as an industrial area. In contrast, district 22 lacks any significant industrial activity. It is a newly established and expanding district adjacent to district 21 with a great deal of constructional activities. For the measurement of the suspended particulate matters in the air, the various sections of the aforesaid districts with industrial, residential, heavily congested traffic, residential/commercial, residential/heavily congested traffic, and residential/industrial classifications were identified. Subsequently, 24 sampling stations were selected. The sampling of the suspended particulate matters was conducted with the aid of a high volume pump containing 125 mm cellulose filters in two different time intervals. After completion of the sampling process, the samples were prepared and sent to the research reactor of the Iran Nuclear Energy Organization for Neutron Activation. During the next steps, the radiations emitted from the samples were registered, the radiation curves were plotted, and the amounts of the trace elements were determined. As a result, the average concentration levels of Al, Ba, Fe, Mg, and V were identified to be 3.301140, 2.273658 × 10, 4.0681696 × 10???1, 3.5525475 × 10???1, and 3.04075 × 10???2 μg/m3, respectively. Moreover, the emission sources of the aforesaid elements into the air were identified. The concentration levels of these elements in the industrial and heavily congested traffic sections were higher. Finally, it was concluded that the statistical analysis of these elements presents a meaningful correlation among them. 相似文献
999.
Hossein Nasiri Ali Darvishi Boloorani Hassan Ali Faraji Sabokbar Hamid Reza Jafari Mohamad Hamzeh Yusef Rafii 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(1):707-718
Flood spreading is a suitable strategy for controlling and benefiting from floods. Selecting suitable areas for flood spreading and directing the floodwater into permeable formations are amongst the most effective strategies in flood spreading projects. Having combined geographic information systems (GIS) and multi-criteria decision analysis approaches, the present study sought to locate the most suitable areas for flood spreading operation in the Garabaygan Basin of Iran. To this end, the data layers relating to the eight effective factors were prepared in GIS environment. This stage was followed by elimination of the exclusionary areas for flood spreading while determining the potentially suitable ones. Having closely examined the potentially suitable areas using the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) II and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methods, the land suitability map for flood spreading was produced. The PROMETHEE II and AHP were used for ranking all the alternatives and weighting the criteria involved, respectively. The results of the study showed that most suitable areas for the artificial groundwater recharge are located in Quaternary Qg and Qgsc geologic units and in geomorphological units of pediment and Alluvial fans with slopes not exceeding 3 %. Furthermore, significant correspondence between the produced map and the control areas, where the flood spreading projects were successfully performed, provided further evidence for the acceptable efficiency of the integrated PROMETHEE II-AHP method in locating suitable flood spreading areas. 相似文献
1000.
Mohd Imran Khan Iqbal Ahmad Abbas Ali Mahdi Mohd Javed Akhtar Najmul Islam Mohd Ashquin Thuppil Venkatesh 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(7):1347-1354