氯化镧改性黏土固化湖泊底泥中磷的研究

用氯化镧对14种黏土进行改性并研究了这些改性黏土固化磷的效果.研究了pH对改性高岭土磷吸附率和镧离子溶出的影响.结果表明,通过氯化镧改性,不同黏土的磷固定率由改性前的3%～14%提高到改性后的52%～95%.氯化镧改性高岭土在pH为5时,达到磷吸附率的最大值94.85%,并在pH值4～8范围内,保持较高的磷吸附率（>80%）.在pH>6.5的范围,La³⁺溶出浓度低于0.0178 mg/L.     

Topsoil organic carbon mineralization and CO2 evolution of three paddy soils from South China and the temperature dependence

Carbon mineralization and its response to climatic warming have been receiving global attention for the last decade. Although the virtual influence of temperature effect is still in great debate, little is known on the mineralization of organic carbon （SOC） of paddy soils of China under warming. SOC mineralization of three major types of China＇s paddy soils is studied through laboratory incubation for 114 d under soil moisture regime of 70% water holding capacity at 20℃ and 25℃ respectively. The carbon that mineralized as CO2 evolved was measured every day in the first 32 d and every two days in the following days. Carbon mineralized during the 114 d incubation ranged from 3.51 to 9.22 mg CO2-C/gC at 20℃ and from 4.24 to 11.35 mg CO2-C/gC at 25℃ respectively; and a mineralizable C pool in the range of 0.24 to 0.59 gC/kg, varying with different soils. The whole course of C mineralization in the 114 d incubation could be divided into three stages of varying rates, representing the three subpools of the total mineralizable C： very actively mineralized C at 1-23 d, actively tnineralized C at 24--74 d and a slowly mineralized pool with low and more or less stabilized C mineralization rate at 75-114 d. The calculated Q10 values ranged from 1.0 to 2.4, varying with the soil types and N status. Neither the total SOC pool nor the labile C pool could account for the total mineralization potential of the soils studied, despite a well correlation of labile C with the shortly and actively mineralized C, which were shown in sensitive response to soil warming. However, the portion of microbial C pool and the soil C/N ratio controlled the C mineralization and the temperature dependence. Therefore, C sequestration may not result in an increase of C mineralization proportionally. The relative control of C bioavailability and microbial metabolic activity on C mineralization with respect to stabilization of sequestered C in the paddy soils of China is to be further studied.     

酸雨与镧对大豆幼苗生长的复合伤害效应研究

为探索酸雨与稀土镧对大豆幼苗生长的复合影响及其内在机制,以重要油粮作物大豆(Glycine max)为材料,研究在模拟酸雨pH分别为3.0、3.5、4.5与稀土镧La(Ⅲ)浓度分别为60、100和300mg·L-1处理下大豆幼苗生长及光合作用的变化.结果表明,相对单一酸雨与镧处理,酸雨与La(Ⅲ)复合处理组中大豆幼苗的生长受抑制程度增大,两者呈协同效应,且pH越低,La(Ⅲ)浓度越高,抑制效应越明显.光合参数的变化规律与生长指标近同,相同处理组各光合参数的降幅不一致,其中最大荧光(Fv/Fm)和叶绿素含量(Chl)的降幅范围分别为9.53%～22.75%和9.14%～24.53%,较净光合速率Pn(22.78%～84.7%)、希尔(Hill)反应速率(15.52%～73.38%)和Mg2+-ATPase活性(14.51%～71.54%)小,表明各光合参数对2个胁迫因子的敏感程度存在差异.进一步相关性分析发现,Pn变化主要受Hill反应速率与Mg2+-ATPase活性的影响,而Chl、Fv/Fm次之.表明酸雨与La(Ⅲ)对植物光合过程各环节的作用机制不同,光合作用受阻是影响植物生长的重要因素之一.     

金鱼藻对14CO2的吸收和积累动态

为了探明14CO2(14C)在环境中的行为,采用同位素示踪技术研究了金鱼藻对14CO2的吸收和积累动态,并探讨了金鱼藻作为监测大气14CO2污染指示植物的可能性.结果表明,生长在水中的金鱼藻会通过某些途径吸收空气中14CO2并形成积累趋势,吸收途径主要是金鱼藻通过光合作用从水体中吸收游离14CO2和H14CO3-.金鱼...     

黑藻吸附Cu2+机制研究

生物吸附法是一种经济有效的去除废水中有害重金属离子的方法.以黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)干样为生物吸附材料,研究了黑藻对水体中Cu<'2+>等温吸附的基本特征,并通过测定吸附前后溶液离子浓度变化以及pH值、基团屏蔽对Cu<'2+>吸附的影响,结合红外光谱技术,从静电吸附作用、离子交换作用、基团作用...     

外加淀粉酶预处理污泥厌氧发酵产氢研究

通过外加淀粉酶预处理剩余污泥,考察了淀粉酶对污泥的破解效果,研究了接种产氢菌(Enterococcus sp.LG1)和未接种产氢菌两种状况下,污泥厌氧发酵产氢效果,并与相应温度(60℃)热预处理污泥的发酵产氢效果进行对比,同时分析探讨了污泥发酵产氢过程中底物和pH值的变化.结果表明,淀粉酶预处理污泥4h后水解效果最佳...     

脱水污泥等温干燥特性实验研究及回归分析

利用热重差热分析仪（DTG）对脱水污泥进行干燥实验,测定干燥参数和干燥条件对脱水污泥等温干燥特性的影响,研究了3个温度水平（85℃,100℃,120℃）,5个空气流速（10mL/min,20mL/min,40mL/min,50mL/min,70mL/min）和3个升温速率（15℃/min,20℃/min,40℃/min）。结果表明,样品的干燥速率随着终温的升高、升温速率和空气流速的增大而加快。脱水污泥的干燥过程主要分为加速、恒速和降速3个阶段,且降速干燥段在整个干燥过程中所占的比例较大。其干燥数学模型符合Page方程,经拟合得到 。验证表明,拟合方程算得的MR值与实验结果比较接近。该模型方程可用于描述城市污水污泥的干燥。     

污水地下渗滤系统强化脱氮试验研究

构建了3套以5%炉渣+95%草甸棕壤为基质的地下渗滤系统室内模拟试验装置,在水力负荷为0.1m3/(m2·d)条件下进行了生活污水处理试验.结果表明,当分流位置位于系统内110cm处,分流比为1:1时,可提高地下渗滤对总氮的去除效率,总氮的去除率由59.37%提高至68.41%,且对COD和总磷的去除效果没有影响.     

两种抗生素对塔玛亚历山大藻生长和产毒的影响

论文以中国南海筛选的一株塔玛亚历山大藻Alexandrium tamarense C101为研究对象,研究了两种抗生素,氨苄青霉素(ampicillin,Amp)和新霉素(neomycin,Nm)对A.tamarense C101细胞生长、形态以及毒素含量的影响.结果表明:和空白对照组相比,经1 500μg/mL Nm...     

一株产生物表面活性剂菌株的筛选

从被长期受石油污染的特定环境中取样,经富集培养和平板法筛选得到9株乳化性能较好的菌株.采用排油圈法对这9株菌进行表成活性测定,其中菌株SF-6表面活性最强,通过形态观察和部分生理生化试验初步鉴定该菌株为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas Aeruginosa),其所产生物表面活性物质初步鉴定为鼠李糖脂.