中石油企业可接受风险标准初步研究

本文根据可接受风险标准的确定方法和制定原则,提出了中石油企业可接受风险标准,包括员工个人可接受风险标准和员工社会可接受风险标准。     

Screening of seaweeds in the East China Sea as potential bio-monitors of heavy metals

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Seaweeds are good bio-monitors of heavy metal pollution and have been included in European coastal monitoring programs. However, data for seaweed...     

Effects of H19/SAHH/DNMT1 on the oxidative DNA damage related to benzo[a]pyrene exposure

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The mechanisms that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 binding to S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) interacted with DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)...     

都柳江流域水体锑的形态及净化特征研究

选择受锑矿开采活动影响较严重的都柳江流域为研究对象,采集丰水期和枯水期干支流河水及悬浮颗粒物样品,通过野外水文地质调查和样品分析获取数据,探明不同地质背景条件下流域水体中锑(Sb)的时空分布及迁移转化,揭示Sb的形态与净化机制.研究表明:碳酸盐岩区弱碱和氧化性水环境有助于矿渣中辉锑矿溶解;流域水体锑含量介于0.00～ 86.30 μg·L-1(丰水期)和5.10～487.26μg·L-1(枯水期),丰水期稀释作用较强,含量较低;由于辉锑矿(Sb2S3)氧化分解释放Sb和SO42-,二者含量显著正相关;干流水体溶解态锑主要以迁移性较强的SbO3-存在,沿流向含量降低,并受污染支流及水库影响;水体悬浮颗粒物对溶解态锑具有一定的吸附净化作用,溶解态和颗粒态锑比值介于28～1180;稀释作用是水体锑含量降低的主要净化机制,同时在水利枢纽的调控作用下,出境断面锑含量可降至5.34 μg·L-1(丰水期)和9.75μg·L-1(枯水期).治理流域内受污染支流,并借助稀释作用和梯级水利枢纽调节功能,能够有效降低水体锑含量及输送通量,预防生态危害.     

Experimental investigation of gas explosion in single vessel and connected vessels

Gas explosion in connected vessels usually leads to high pressure and high rate of pressure increase which the vessels and pipes can not tolerate. Severe human casualties and property losses may occur due to the variation characteristics of gas explosion pressure in connected vessels. To determine gas explosion strength, an experimental testing system for methane and air mixture explosion in a single vessel, in a single vessel connected a pipe and in connected vessels has been set up. The experiment apparatus consisted of two spherical vessels of 350 mm and 600 mm in diameter, three connecting pipes of 89 mm in diameter and 6 m in length. First, the results of gas explosion pressure in a single vessel and connected vessels were compared and analyzed. And then the development of gas explosion, its changing characteristics and relevant influencing factors were analyzed. When gas explosion occurs in a single vessel, the maximum explosion pressure and pressure growth rate with ignition at the center of a spherical vessel are higher than those with ignition on the inner-wall of the vessel. In conclusion, besides ignition source on the inner wall, the ignition source at the center of the vessels must be avoided to reduce the damage level. When the gas mixture is ignited in the large vessel, the maximum explosion pressure and explosion pressure rising rate in the small vessel raise. And the maximum explosion pressure and pressure rising rate in connected vessels are higher than those in the single containment vessel. So whenever possible, some isolation techniques, such as fast-acting valves, rotary valves, etc., might be applied to reduce explosion strength in the integrated system. However, when the gas mixture is ignited in the small vessel, the maximum explosion pressures in the large vessel and in the small vessel both decrease. Moreover, the explosion pressure is lower than that in the single vessel. When gas explosion happens in a single vessel connected to a pipe, the maximum explosion pressure occurs at the end of the pipe if the gas mixture is ignited in the spherical vessel. Therefore, installing a pipe into the system can reduce the maximum explosion pressure, but it also causes the explosion pressure growth rate to increase.     

超高交联树脂对酚类化合物吸附动力学研究

文章重点研究超高交联树脂NDA-100对苯酚的静态吸附动力学,通过动力学实验探讨了不同温度和初始浓度对吸附苯酚的影响,实验结果表明:苯酚在NDA-100树脂上的静态吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学方程,其吸附速率受膜扩散和颗粒内扩散共同控制,对于高浓度的苯酚溶液微孔填充占主导作用,而低浓度的苯酚溶液表现为先经过大孔吸附后经由微孔填充两个阶段,低浓度吸附时出现双平台动力学现象。进一步阐述了超高交联树脂对于酚类化合物的吸附机理,为树脂固定床吸附酚类化合物的研究和实际工业应用提供理论基础。     

白腐真菌对染料脱色的培养条件研究

对贝壳状革耳菌高产漆酶条件及其对染料脱色条件进行了研究.结果得到高产漆酶的最佳条件为:葡萄糖10 g/L,酒石酸铵0.5 g/L,pH 3.0,转速120 r/min;脱色效果最佳的培养条件是:葡萄糖10 g/L,酒石酸铵0.5 g/L,pH3.0,温度30℃.由此可知漆酶在染料脱色中起重要作用;实验也表明:随着培养基中碳源、氮源量的增加,菌体生物量逐渐增加,但体系中高碳氮比对菌体对染料的脱色是不利的;菌体生物量与对染料的脱色作用不呈正相关.     

A critical review on the technique and mechanism of microwave-based denitrification in flue gas

Microwave radiation has received extensive attention due to its significant thermal and non-thermal effects, and the development of MW-based denitrification in flue gas has become one of the most promising methods to avoid the defects of ammonia escape, high temperature and cost in traditional SCR. This review introduces the thermal and non-thermal effects of microwaves and divides MW-based denitrification methods into MW reduction and oxidation denitrification, systematically summarizes these denitrification methods, including MW discharge reduction, MW-induced catalytic reduction using active carbon, molecular sieves, metal oxides (transition metals, perovskites, etc.), MW-induced oxidation denitrification with and without additional oxidant, and discusses their removal pathway and mechanism. Finally, several research prospects and directions regarding the development of microwave-based denitrification methods are provided.     

Remediation of arsenic-contaminated paddy field by a new iron oxidizing strain (Ochrobactrum sp.) and iron-modified biochar

Iron-oxidizing strain (FeOB) and iron modified biochars have been shown arsenic (As) remediation ability in the environment. However, due to the complicated soil environment, few field experiment has been conducted. The study was conducted to investigate the potential of iron modified biochar (BC-FeOS) and biomineralization by a new found FeOB to remediate As-contaminated paddy field. Compared with the control, the As contents of G_B (BC-FeOS), G_F (FeOB), G_FN (FeOB and nitrogen fertilizer), G_BF (BC-FeOS and FeOB) and G_BFN (BC-FeOS, FeOB and nitrogen fertilizer) treatments in pore water decreased by 36.53%–80.03% and the microbial richness of iron-oxidizing bacteria in these treatments increased in soils at the rice maturation stage. The concentrations of available As of G_B, G_F, G_FN, G_BF and G_BFN at the tillering stage were significantly decreased by 10.78%–55.48%. The concentrations of nonspecifically absorbed and specifically absorbed As fractions of G_B, G_F, G_FN, G_BF and G_BFN in soils were decreased and the amorphous and poorly crystalline hydrated Fe and Al oxide-bound fraction was increased. Moreover, the As contents of G_B, G_F, G_FN, G_BF and G_BFN in rice grains were significantly decreased (*P < 0.05) and the total As contents of G_FN, G_BF and G_BFN were lower than the standard limit of the National Standard for Food Safety (GB 2762-2017). Compared with the other treatments, G_BFN showed the greatest potential for the effective remediation of As-contaminated paddy fields.     

都柳江上游沿岸喀斯特地区土壤重金属污染及健康风险分析

以贵州省都柳江上游沿岸喀斯特地区为研究对象,根据空间系统法布设样点,共采集62个表层土壤样品.运用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、人体健康风险评价模型、克里金插值方法和地理探测器模型,研究土壤重金属Sb、As、Cd、Pb和Cu的污染及人体健康风险空间分布特征.结果表明,研究区土壤Sb和 Cd含量分别是贵州省土壤重金属背景值的6.58和1.95倍.土壤重金属总体属于轻度污染,土壤Sb和As的轻度及以上污染面积分别占总面积的24.62%和20.97%,Cd轻度污染面积分布最广,占总面积的44.55%.研究区土壤重金属人体健康风险为低风险等级,儿童健康风险大于成人,Cd和Sb是人体健康风险的主要影响元素.由地理探测器分析可知,所有因子中地层对土壤中Sb和Cd人体健康风险空间分异的解释力最大,其余因子对土壤Cd的人体健康风险空间分异解释力大小依次为：土壤类型>海拔>距河流远近>土地利用类型>坡度;而其余单一因子对土壤中Sb人体健康风险空间分异的解释力均较低,其空间分异可能受到多重因子的复合影响.地层与Cd对成人和儿童的致癌健康风险呈显著正相关（p＜0.05）,相关系数为0.63,地层与Sb对成人和儿童的非致癌健康风险呈显著正相关（p＜0.05）,相关系数为0.43.Cd的最高人体健康风险概率主要分布在独山组和龙洞水组及邦寨组,Sb的最高人体健康风险概率主要分布在石牛栏组和邦寨组.因此,研究区内石牛栏组、邦寨组和独山组地层是该区域土壤重金属健康风险的重点防控对象.