Heavy metal enrichment in the soil along the Delhi–Ulan section of the Qinghai–Tibet railway in China

The pollutants that are discharged from roads and traffic have attracted much attention recently. Nonetheless, most studies have mainly focused on highways and seldom on railways. In this study, soil samples were selected at the embankment and perpendicularly at different distances (2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100, and 150 m) from the embankment bottom of the Qinghai–Tibet railway. Furthermore, soils were selected at four soil depths (5, 10, 20, and 30 cm) of each sample at the flat. The enrichment of nine heavy metals (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Cd, and Pb) in soils along the Delhi–Ulan section of the Qinghai–Tibet railway was studied. The results indicated that the mean concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd were highest at the embankment. The Cu concentrations in soils decreased by an S-curve-shaped function with increasing distance from the embankment, while Cd, Pb, and Zn decreased by inverse functions (p?<?0.0001). The concentrations of other studied metal did not show significant changes with increasing distance. After performing a statistical analysis, Pb, Cd, and Zn in soils were considered to be influenced by railway operations. However, the influence was weak and only spanned less than 5 m from the bottom of the embankment horizontally and 10 cm from the surface vertically. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in soils along the Delhi–Ulan section of the Qinghai–Tibet railway were considered lower compared with those along other railways.     

食品质量与安全专业课程改革实践

专业课程改革以职业实践活动为导向,以职业资格认定为目标,以工学结合为切入点,将职业学习与工作领域相统一作为改革的总体思路。食品质量与安全专业经过努力,专业课程改革建设中取得了一定的成效,至2008年已建成《食品微生物学及微生物检验》一门院级精品课。     

磺化石油焦酸催化剂的制备

以石油焦为原料、浓硫酸为磺化剂，通过磺化反应制得磺化石油焦酸催化剂。分析了制备条件的影响，获得了制备磺化石油焦的优化条件：反应温度120℃、反应时间30h、酸（摩尔）焦（g）比0．8mol／g。在优化条件下，磺化石油焦的交换容量可达2．6mmol／g。与强酸性阳离子交换树脂K2641相比，在相同的反应条件下，磺化石油焦作为酸催化剂催化合成乙酸乙酯表现出较高的催化活性，且重复使用5次后催化剂活性基本保持不变。     

Aerobic biotransformation of decabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-209) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Aerobic biodegradation of decabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-209) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa under the influence of co-metabolic substrates and heavy metal cadmium ion was studied, The results showed that certain amount of co-metabolic substrates, such as glucose, sucrose, lactose, starch, and beef extract, would promote the biodegradation of PBDE-209, among which glucose most favorably accelerated PBDE-209 degradation by about 36% within 5 d. The highest degradation efficiency was reached at the ratio of PBDE-209 and glucose 1:5 while excessive carbon source would actually hamper the degradation efficiency. Exploration of influences of cadmium ion on PBDE-209 biodegradation indicated that degradation efficiency was stimulated at low concentrations of Cd²⁺ (0.5–2 mg L⁻¹) while inhibited at higher levels (5–10 mg L⁻¹), inferring that the heavy metals of different concentrations possessed mixed reactions on PBDE-209 bioremoval. Bromine ion was produced during the biotransformation process and its concentration had a good negative correlation with the residues of PBDE-209. Two nonabromodiphenyl ethers (PBDE-208, PBDE-207), four octabromodiphenyl ethers (PBDE-203, PBDE-202, PBDE-197, PBDE-196) and one heptabromodiphenyl ethers (PBDE-183) were formed with the decomposition of PBDE-209, demonstrating that the main aerobic transformation mechanism of PBDE-209 was debromination.     

自养反硝化技术研究进展

介绍了近年来水体硝酸盐污染的原因及危害,阐述了反硝化技术的特点及主要原理,综述了以硫及氢为电子供体的自养反硝化技术的发展及运用,探讨了其今后的研究方向和前景。     

盆栽吊兰净化空气中的甲醛研究

采用动态箱模拟法研究了甲醛浓度、气体流量、光照强度对盆栽吊兰净化甲醛速率的影响,初步分析了吊兰茎叶和土壤对甲醛的净化贡献.结果表明,白天净化速率为0.24～1.88 mg/h,夜间净化速率为0.06～1.29 mg/h.吊兰对甲醛具有长期的净化作用,且净化速率白天大于晚上.在吊兰耐受范围内,通过提高入口气体甲醛浓度或流...     

Research on the anti-interference capability of the tourism environment system for the core stakeholders of semi-arid valley-type cities: analysis based on the multi-scenario and time series diversity perspectives

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Given the relatively harsh natural environment in semi-arid valley areas, the attraction and radiation functions of semi-arid valley cities have...     

TiO2镀膜电极光电催化降解酸性紫红

采用溶胶-凝胶法在钛片上涂覆TiO2薄膜为电极,自行设计组装光电催化反应器,对酸性紫红染料废水进行光电脱色处理,探讨了光电反应的协同性并研究了初始染料浓度、电压、pH和电解质浓度对脱色反应的影响。结果表明,光化学催化和电化学氧化具有协同效应,单一紫外光催化和单一电催化酸性紫红的脱色率分别为44.27%和13.12%,而光电催化(紫外、外加电压10 V)的脱色率达到77.18%。初始浓度较低、电压适中、pH偏碱性时,酸性紫红废水脱色率较高;电解质对脱色反应有促进作用,且浓度越高,酸性紫红脱色率越高。     

Co-remediation of cadmium-polluted soil using stainless steel slag and ammonium humate

INTRODUCTION AND METHODS: This study investigated the remediation of cadmium-polluted soil using a combination of stainless steel slag and ammonium humate. These remedial agents were added to an artificially polluted garden soil to inhabit cadmium toxicity in soil by changing the physical and chemical properties of soil in a pot experiment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the co-application of ammonium humate and stainless steel slag significantly decreased the total and available soil cadmium concentrations, with maximum decreases of 16.30% and 58.04%, respectively. The co-application of an adequate dose of these remedial agents can significantly increase soil pH. The soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity, as well as the amount of soil aggregates, were also significantly increased by the addition ammonium humate, but not stainless steel slag.