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21.
Isabel Latour Ruben Miranda Angeles Blanco 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(16):9832-9842
High silica content of de-inked paper mill effluents is limiting their regeneration and reuse after membrane treatments such as reverse osmosis (RO). Silica removal during softening processes is a common treatment; however, the effluent from the paper mill studied has a low hardness content, which makes the addition of magnesium compounds necessary to increase silica removal. Two soluble magnesium compounds (MgCl2?6H2O and MgSO4?7H2O) were tested at five dosages (250–1,500 mg/L) and different initial pH values. High removal rates (80–90 %) were obtained with both products at the highest pH tested (11.5). With these removal efficiencies, it is possible to work at high RO recoveries (75–85 %) without silica scaling. Although pH regulation significantly increased the conductivity of the waters (at pH 11.5 from 2.1 to 3.7–4.0 mS/cm), this could be partially solved by using Ca(OH)2 instead of NaOH as pH regulator (final conductivity around 3.0 mS/cm). Maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal obtained with caustic soda was lower than with lime (15 vs. 30 %). Additionally, the combined use of a polyaluminum coagulant during the softening process was studied; the coagulant, however, did not significantly improve silica removal, obtaining a maximum increase of only 10 %. 相似文献
22.
Clàudia Fontàs Ruben Vera Anna Batalla Spas D. Kolev Enriqueta Anticó 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(20):11682-11688
In the present work, a novel and simple detection system for As inorganic species contained in groundwater is presented. To reach the required detection limit, the proposed methodology is based on two steps: first is the transport and preconcentration of the inorganic arsenic species using a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) system and second is the formation of a coloured complex, the absorbance of which is measured. Different parameters related to the membrane composition and the transport kinetics have been studied, and it was found that membranes made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as a polymer, and Aliquat 336 as a carrier, ensured efficient arsenic transport when the carrier content was at least 31 % (w/w). The implementation of the designed PIM in a special device that contained only 5 mL of the stripping solution (0.1 M NaCl) allowed As preconcentration from a 100-mL water sample, thus facilitating its detection with the colorimetric method. The new method developed here was validated, and its analytical figures of merit were determined, i.e. limit of detection of 4.5 μg L?1 at 820 nm and a relative standard deviation within the range 8–10 %. Finally, the method was successfully applied to the analysis of different water samples from Catalonia region with naturally occurring As. 相似文献
23.
SCF-MO computations have been performed on tetra- to octa-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin congeners (PCDD) using an MNDO-PM3 Hamiltonian. Qualitative relationships were developed between empirical, international-toxic equivalence factors for PCDD congeners and their relative (specific) polarizabilities and mean values of second hyperpolarizabilities estimated using finite-field theory. 相似文献
24.
Ester van der Voet Reinout Heijungs Paul Mulder Ruben Huele René Kleijn Lauran van Oers 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1995,2(3):137-144
In the tradition of the study of materials flows through society, the Substance Flow Analysis (SFA) method and its software tool SFINX are presented. SFA aims at providing the relevant information for a country’s overall management strategy regarding single substances or coherent groups of substances. Three modelling techniques and their possibilities and limitations are discussed: Bookkeeping, static modelling, and dynamic modelling. The computer program SFINX can be used for varoius purposes: (1) to obtain an overview of stocks and flows of a substance in, out and through a nation’s economy and environment for a specific year, (2) to trace the origins of specific pollution problems, and (3) to estimate the effectiveness of certain abatement measures. Each application has its own requirements with regard to data and modelling. 相似文献
25.
Ester van der Voet René Kleijn Lauran van Oers Reinout Heijungs Ruben Huele Paul Mulder 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1997,4(2):112-112
Part I: Abstract In the tradition of the study of materials flows through society, the Substance Flow Analysis (SFA) method is presented. SFA
aims at providing the relevant information for a country’s overall management strategy regarding single substances or coherent
groups of substances. This article is dedicated to the presentation of a threestep general framework for SFA-type studies,
and elaborates on its first step the systems definition. Attention is given to the definition of the external and internal
system boundaries, the categorization of the system’s elements, aspects of materials choice, time, and space, and how these
depend on the aim of the conducted study. Moreover, a broader discussion is started on the need for standardization of materials
flow studies in general.
Part II: Abstract In the tradition of the study of materials flows through society, the Substance Flow Analysis (SFA) method and its software
tool SFINX are presented. SFA aims at providing the relevant information for a country’s overall management strategy regarding
single substances or coherent groups of substances. Three modelling techniques and their possibilities and limitations are
discussed: Bookkeeping, static modelling, and dynamic modelling. The computer program SFINX can be used for varoius purposes:
(1) to obtain an overview of stocks and flows of a substance in, out and through a nation’s economy and environment for a
specific year, (2) to trace the origins of specific pollution problems, and (3) to estimate the effectiveness of certain abatement
measures. Each application has its own requirements with regard to data and modelling. 相似文献
26.
27.
Jehangir H. Bhadha Casey Schmidt Robert Rooney Paul Indeglia Ruben Kertesz Elizabeth Bevc John Sansalone 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2009,45(6):1434-1447
Bhadha, Jehangir H., Casey Schmidt, Robert Rooney, Paul Indeglia, Ruben Kertesz, Elizabeth Bevc, and John Sansalone, 2009. Granulometric and Metal Distributions for Post‐Katrina Surficial Particulate Matter Recovered From New Orleans. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 45(6):1434‐1447. Abstract: Hurricane Katrina and the resulting failure of the levees that surrounded and protected New Orleans generated a significant detained volume of stormwater within the urban area of New Orleans. Between the inundation resulting from levee failure and eventual pumped evacuation of stormwater from the urban area of New Orleans, a large mass of storm‐entrained particulate matter (PM) was deposited in the inundated areas. This study examined the granulometry and granulometric distribution of metals for post‐Katrina surficial PM deposits recovered from 15 sites (10 inundated and 5 non‐inundated) in New Orleans. Results of this examination were compared to pre‐Katrina data from New Orleans. While post‐Katrina analysis of PM indicates that Pb, Zn, and Cu concentrations for PM are reduced for all sites, inundated sites had higher Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations for the settleable (~25‐75 μm) and sediment (>75 μm) size fractions. A comparison between total metal concentration and the bioavailable (leachable) fraction for PM reveals that inundated sites had up to 19% higher leachable metal concentration compared to non‐inundated sites. The reduction in PM‐bound total metal concentrations for recovered PM can be explained through a combination of scouring (and therefore change in granulometry from pre‐Katrina) that resulted from transport of suspended PM by storm flows and pumped evacuation; as well as leaching and PM‐based redistribution from extended contact with rainfall and during stormwater detention. New Orleans has been exposed to elevated levels of metals through decades of activities that include vehicular transportation, chemical, industrial, and oil production facilities resulting in higher metal concentrations for urban soil‐residual complexes. As a result, the influent storm flows associated with Katrina as an episodic event cannot solely explain the distribution and fate of PM‐associated metal concentrations. 相似文献
28.
Cutroneo Laura Reboa Anna Besio Giovanni Borgogno Franco Canesi Laura Canuto Susanna Dara Manuela Enrile Francesco Forioso Iskender Greco Giuseppe Lenoble Véronique Malatesta Arianna Mounier Stéphane Petrillo Mario Rovetta Ruben Stocchino Alessandro Tesan Javier Vagge Greta Capello Marco 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(9):8938-8952
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The European Interreg Italy–France 2014–2020 Maritime Project SPlasH! (Stop to Plastics in H2O!) focused on the study of microplastics... 相似文献
29.
Bigogno Rodrigo Gonçalves Dias Marcos Lopes Manhães Mariana Borges N. Sanchez Rodriguez Ruben J. 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(4):1228-1243
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - This study was developed a novel nanostructured membrane by electrospinning process, from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) modify by hydroxypropyl methylcellulose... 相似文献
30.
Globally, policies aiming for conservation of species, free-flowing rivers, and promotion of hydroelectricity as renewable energy and as a means to decarbonize energy systems generate trade-offs between protecting freshwater fauna and development of hydropower. Hydroelectric turbines put fish at risk of severe injury during passage. Therefore, comprehensive, reliable analyses of turbine-induced fish mortality are pivotal to support an informed debate on the sustainability of hydropower (i.e., how much a society is willing to pay in terms of costs incurred on rivers and their biota). We compiled and examined a comprehensive, global data set of turbine fish-mortality assessments involving >275,000 individual fish of 75 species to estimate mortality across turbine types and fish species. Average fish mortality from hydroelectric turbines was 22.3% (95% CI 17.5–26.7%) when accounting for common uncertainties related to empirical estimates (e.g., handling- or catch-related effects). Mortality estimates were highly variable among and within different turbine types, study methods, and taxa. Technical configurations of hydroelectric turbines that successfully reduce fish mortality and fish-protective hydropower operation as a global standard could balance the need for renewable energy with protection of fish biodiversity. 相似文献