Exploratory analysis of the association between pyrethroid exposure and rheumatoid arthritis among US adults: 2007–2014 data analysis from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Previous studies indicate that pesticide use may play an important role in the occurrence and development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however,...     

Physiological and molecular responses of the earthworm <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eisenia fetida</Emphasis> to polychlorinated biphenyl contamination in soil

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of man-made organic compounds ubiquitously present in the biosphere. In this study, we evaluated the toxic effects of different concentrations of PCBs in two natural soils (i.e. red soil and fluvo-aquic soil) on the earthworm Eisenia fetida. The parameters investigated included anti-oxidative response, genotoxic potential, weight variation and biochemical responses of the earthworm exposed to two different types of soils spiked with PCBs after 7 or 14 days of exposure. Earthworms had significantly lower weights in both soils after PCB exposure. PCBs significantly increased catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) activity in earthworms exposed to either soil type for 7 or 14 days and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in earthworms exposed to red soil for 14 days. Of the enzymes examined, SOD activity was the most sensitive to PCB stress. In addition, PCB exposure triggered dose-dependent coelomocyte DNA damage, even at the lowest concentration tested. This response was relatively stable between different soils. Three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the weight variation, anti-oxidant enzyme activities, and MDA contents were significantly correlated with exposure concentration or exposure duration (P < 0.01). Furthermore, weight variation, CAT activity, and SOD activity were significantly affected by soil type (P < 0.01). Therefore, the soil type and exposure time influence the toxic effects of PCBs, and these factors should be considered when selecting responsive biomarkers.     

物化强化预处理对化工园区废水中典型污染物转化的影响

以江苏省某化工园区污水处理厂的原水为研究对象,分别采用臭氧氧化、铁碳微电解、Fenton氧化3种物化法对其进行强化预处理,并运用GC-MS技术对典型污染物进行了分析。实验结果表明:臭氧氧化、Fenton氧化、铁碳微电解3种物化法在最佳条件下对COD的去除率分别为8.0%,51.3%,45.6%;在提高可生化性方面,臭氧氧化法效果最好,使废水的BOD_5/COD从0.112提高到0.184,Fenton氧化法和铁碳微电解法的BOD_5/COD分别为0.150和0.123;经物化预处理后,废水中的环状物质会出现开环,同时直链物质增多,但苯环、脂类及杂环等难生物降解物质依然存在;若要单纯提高废水的可生化性,建议选用臭氧氧化法;若对去除COD及提高可生化性皆有要求,建议选用铁碳微电解法。     

灰霾期间武汉城市区域大气污染物的理化特征

利用湖北省大气复合污染自动监测站2013年的全年监测数据,分析了灰霾期间武汉城市区域大气污染物的理化特征。霾日主要出现在春季、秋季和冬季。霾日与非霾日大气污染物质量浓度和气象参数的对比分析结果显示:高湿度、静风是武汉城市区域霾日的重要气象特征;PM1、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、NO_2、CO、NH3的质量浓度,SOR、NOR值以及PM_(2.5)中的二次无机离子(SO2-4、NO-3、NH+4)和部分元素(Pb、Se、Cd、Zn、K)的质量浓度均在霾日明显高于非霾日,而霾日SO2质量浓度仅在冬季略高于非霾日。选取2013年1月的连续灰霾日进行相关性分析,结果表明:污染组分主要来自当地排放(包括直接排放和二次形成),并受当地气象条件影响。此次灰霾过程中PM_(2.5)中的硫酸盐和硝酸盐主要来自气相反应,气态NO_2主要生成了气态HNO_3,而不是HNO_2。     

安全文化在企业生产经营中的作用

近年来,随着安全文化研究的逐渐深入,我国政府和许多企业已经认识到安全文化对做好安全生产工作的重要作用,并在企业中积极推动安全文化建设,安全文化建设得到了蓬勃发展。     

The effect of air pollution and emotional and behavioral problems on preschoolers’ overweight and obesity

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Childhood overweight and obesity (OWO) has risen dramatically in both developed and developing countries over the past few decades, creating a huge...     

狭长受限空间内燃气燃爆灾害演化规律研究∗

为研究狭长受限空间内燃气燃爆灾害的演化规律，采用三维仿真软件 FLACS 分别建立全密闭和半密闭两种受限空间模型，对比研究了两种模型的火焰传播形态，并分析了两种模型在不同工况条件下的燃爆灾害规律。结果表明：两种模型的燃爆火焰形态显著不同；对于全密闭空间，长宽比的增大会促进火焰传播同时增大爆炸压力值的波动性，稍高于化学当量比的甲烷浓度产生的爆炸压力最大，并且富燃爆炸比贫燃爆炸的压力要高；对于半密闭空间，气云体积的增大加大了火焰传播距离的同时也提高了开口端的火焰速度，障碍物数量的增多使爆炸火焰呈现先促进后削弱的现象，并加大了最大爆炸压力和燃爆速度的变化幅度。