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91.
92.
Giaufausto Salvadori Sergio P. Ratti Giuseppe Belli 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1997,4(2):91-98
A few case studies will be presented involving both radioactive and chemical pollution at small, medium, and large space-time
scales. Reported are recent advances in the field of environmental pollution involving the use of fractals and multifractals.
The mathematical tools proposed here may offer new perspectives for investigating many of the problems of nonlinear variability
which commonly arise when dealing with pollutants, such as the presence of outliers and the sparseness of the sampling networks.
They may also lead to a simplification of the models adopted for studying natural phenomena, thanks to a scaling approach.
Finally, they may provide parameters whose values are directly related to the nonlinear dynamics involved in the pollutant
distribution in the environment which, in turn, may be relevant for computer simulation and epidemiological or risk assessment
purposes. 相似文献
93.
The advertisement call of frogs and toads is an example of multiple message signal because different acoustic properties encode
different kinds of biologically significant information. In the Italian treefrog, Hyla intermedia, pulse rate and frequency have been found to be under stabilizing female preferences and to encode information important
for mate recognition, whereas the number of calls per call group have been found to be under directional preferences and,
thus, to be important for mate quality assessment. In this study, we investigate preferences for calls that differ simultaneously
in frequency, pulse rate, and number of calls per call group, and we ask how these properties interact with each other in
influencing female mating decisions. Results of two-choice phonotaxis experiments provide no evidence to support the hypothesis
that females process multi-attribute signals in a hierarchical way. In contrast, the pattern of preferences is consistent
with the ‘preference function’ hypothesis, that is, with the hypothesis that females rank signals along an ordinal scale of
values and choose accordingly. Pulse rate and frequency influence mating preferences more than does the number of calls per
call group. The interaction between pulse rate and frequency is not additive but multiplicative: small differences in either
pulse rate or frequency that, alone, have no effects on female choice, interact synergistically so that their combination
has strong influence on female preferences. A preference repeatability test shows strong among-female differences in preference
for multi-attribute signals. We suggest that this result reveals not only a variation in attribute values among females, but
also a variation in the way females weight and combine attribute values into a single preference score. 相似文献
94.
Collado Sergio Oulego Paula Alonso Saúl Díaz Mario 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(26):21262-21271
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Flow cytometry has recently been presented as a research tool in the assessment of the viability/activity of activated sludge from municipal... 相似文献
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Modern mechanical–biological waste treatment plants for the stabilization of both the source-separated organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW) and the mixed stream of municipal solid wastes (MSW) include a mechanical pretreatment step to separate recyclable materials such as plastics, glass or metals, before biological treatment of the resulting organic material. In this work, the role of storage and mechanical pretreatment steps in the stabilization of organic matter has been studied by means of respiration techniques. Results have shown that a progressive stabilization of organic matter occurs during the pretreatment of the source-separated OFMSW, which is approximately 30% measured by the dynamic respiration index. In the case of mixed MSW, the stabilization occurring during the reception and storage of MSW is compensated by the effect of concentration of organic matter that the pretreatment step provokes on this material. Both results are crucial for the operation of the succeeding biological process. Finally, respiration indices have been shown to be suitable for the monitoring of the pretreatment steps in mechanical–biological waste treatment plants, with a strong positive correlation between the dynamic respiration index and the cumulative respiration index across all samples tested. 相似文献
99.
Andrea Gori Sergio Rossi Elisa Berganzo Joan Lluis Pretus Mark R. T. Dale Josep-Maria Gili 《Marine Biology》2011,158(1):143-158
Most of the current knowledge on Mediterranean gorgonians is restricted to investigations of those populations found within
shallow sublittoral waters, and only limited data are available for populations located below scuba depth. To overcome this
lack of information, the occurrence and abundance of the gorgonians Eunicella singularis, Paramuricea clavata, and Leptogorgia sarmentosa were investigated in northwestern Mediterranean benthic communities over a wide geographical (60 km of coastline) and bathymetrical
(0–70 m deep) extent using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). The greatest occurrence and abundances of E. singularis and P. clavata were concentrated in areas that are directly exposed to strong near-bottom currents. E. singularis was the most common and abundant species and displayed great plasticity and amplitude in its environmental preferences. Conversely,
P. clavata showed a very patchy distribution that was associated with vertical rocky walls. Only isolated colonies of L. sarmentosa were observed in the study area. Hot spots of abundance of E. singularis and P. clavata were identified below a depth of 40 m, which demonstrates the importance of studying the distribution of benthic species
over a wide geographical and bathymetrical extent. 相似文献
100.
Antonio Velasco Sergio Hernández Martha Ramírez 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):498-504
Organochlorine pesticides were intensively used in Mexico from 1950 until their ban and restriction in 1991. However, the presence of these compounds is commonly reported in many regions of the country. The aim of the present study was to identify and quantify residual organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in agricultural soil in Rio Verde region, San Luis Potosi state, which has been identified as possibly polluted by pesticides. Composed samples from 24 zones covering an area of approximately 5,440 ha were analyzed. The most frequently found pesticides were p,p´-DDT followed by ,p,p´-DDE, heptachlor, endosulfan and γ-HCH whose frequency rates were 100, 91, 83 and 54%, respectively. The concentration of p,p´-DDT in the crops grown in these soils was in the following order: chili > maize > tomato > alfalfa. The results obtained in this study show that p,p´-DDT values are lower or similar to those found in other agricultural regions of Mexico. Methyl and ethyl parathion were the most frequent organophosphate pesticide detected in 100% and 62.5% of the samples with average concentrations of 25.20 and 47.48 μg kg–1, respectively. More research is needed to establish the background levels of pesticides in agricultural soils and their potential ecological and human health effects in this region. 相似文献