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101.
Aase Kristine Lundberg Tim Richardson Eirin Hongslo 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2019,62(2):266-285
This paper seeks to contribute to debates on the potential for conservation planning to engage actively with conflict. Current research in conservation planning generally approaches conflict by concentrating on the challenges of securing agreement and consensus. Recent planning literature advocates approaches that are more open to conflict. In the analysis of a Norwegian regional planning process for wild reindeer conservation, we examine how planning authorities handled conflict, and in particular how planning documents portrayed conflicts expressed during the planning process. Findings show that the aim of reaching regional consensus limited the scope of planning, and led to the exclusion of difficult issues and opposing views. Instead of engaging actively with conflict, the planning authority framed opposing positions as unplannable, and failed to recognise them as legitimate. This contributed to weakening of the legitimacy of the regional plan when put to the test. 相似文献
102.
Alexander Heeren Tapan B. Pathak Teenie Matlock Martha Conklin 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2019,55(6):1564-1571
While the exceptional drought in California ended in 2017, the state is expected to experience similar droughts in the future. Understanding how individuals perceive the causes and consequences of drought will help frame future communication and planning efforts. We surveyed a panel of Californian residents about their perceptions of the 2012–2017 drought. We found a major disconnect in how our respondents perceived drought and water use. Respondents perceived the drought as being caused primarily by climatic factors and underestimated the role human water use, particularly agricultural use, had in exacerbating drought. Comparing our respondents across the state and across socio‐demographics, there were few differences in concern about drought but several differences in how residents thought drought should be managed. Such research can help water managers communicate about the specific concerns the public has about future droughts, as well as address misperceptions about the relationship between drought and water use. 相似文献
103.
104.
Joah R. Madden Julian A. Drewe Gareth P. Pearce Tim H. Clutton-Brock 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,64(1):81-95
Knowledge of the structure of networks of social interactions is important for understanding the evolution of cooperation,
transmission of disease, and patterns of social learning, yet little is known of how environmental, ecological, or behavioural
factors relate to such structures within groups. We observed grooming, dominance, and foraging competition interactions in
eight groups of wild meerkats (Suricata suricatta) and constructed interaction networks for each behaviour. We investigated relationships between networks for different social
interactions and explored how group attributes (size and sex ratio), individual attributes (tenure of dominants), and ecological
factors (ectoparasite load) are related to variation in network structure. Network structures varied within a group according
to interaction type. Further, network structure varied predictably with group attributes, individual attributes, and ecological
factors. Networks became less dense as group size increased suggesting that individuals were limited in their number of partners.
Groups with more established dominant females were more egalitarian in their grooming and foraging competition interactions,
but more despotic in their dominance interactions. The distribution of individuals receiving grooming became more skewed at
higher parasite loads, but more equitable at low parasite loads. We conclude that the pattern of interactions between members
of meerkat groups is not consistent between groups but instead depends on general attributes of the group, the influence of
specific individuals within the group, and ecological factors acting on group members. We suggest that the variation observed
in interaction patterns between members of meerkat groups may have fitness consequences both for individual group members
and the group itself. 相似文献
105.
106.
氢氧化镁是一种正在研究的用于脱除烟气中低浓度CO2的化学吸收剂。为了掌握工业用氢氧化镁粉末的溶解速率,利用缓冲溶液,在不改变溶液体积的情况下对不同悬浊液浓度、溶液温度、溶液pH值和搅拌速率情况下的氢氧化镁粉末溶解速率进行了研究。提高悬浊液浓度、提高溶液温度、降低溶液pH值和提高搅拌速率均能增大氢氧化镁的溶解速率。悬浊液浓度从0.1 mol/L增加到1 mol/L时,溶解速率增大了2.2倍;温度从23℃增加到52℃时,溶解速率增大了4.3~9.5倍;pH值从9.8降低到6.6时,溶解速率增大了78~225倍;搅拌速率从350 r/min增加到700 r/min时,溶解速率增大了1~2倍。 相似文献
107.
Josephine Molin James Mueller Donald Hanson Troy Fowler Tim Skrotzki 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2010,20(3):51-62
Groundwater at the former Serry's Dry Cleaning site in Corvallis, Oregon, was impacted by chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs). The primary CVOCs impacting the site include tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, dichloroethene, and vinyl chloride, which were detected at concentrations up to 22,000, 1,700, 3,100, and 7 μg/L, respectively, prior to treatment. Large seasonal fluctuations in groundwater CVOC concentrations indicated that a significant fraction of the CVOC mass was present in the smear zone. Field‐scale pilot tests were performed for the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality's Dry Cleaner Program to evaluate the performance of EHC® in situ chemical reduction (ISCR) technology. The pilot study involved evaluating field performance and physical distribution into low‐permeability soil using basic Geoprobe® injection tooling. The testing results confirmed that bioremediation enhanced by ISCR supported long‐term treatment at the site. This article describes the implementation and results of the tests. Performance data are available from a three‐year period following the injections, allowing for a discussion about sustained performance and reagent longevity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
108.
High-resolution satellite locations were obtained from striped marlin using Argos transmitters attached to the upper lobe
of the caudal fin. Twenty-six striped marlin were tagged off New Zealand (2005–2007) and tracked as far as the central Pacific
Ocean. Caudal fin mounted Argos tags generated 1,524 locations during a total of 659 tracking days [mean 25 (±21.24) days
per fish and 2.3 (±2.30) locations per day]. 38% of locations have an estimated accuracy of ±1 km or better. Displacement
rates from high quality locations ranged from 2.9 to 170.8 km in a 24 h period, with a mode at 20–30 km and a mean of 45 km/day.
The caudal fin attachment methodology and antenna configuration was adjusted each season to improve transmission life and
data quality, with the best results obtained in the last year of deployments (2007). The longest track duration was 102 days,
with a total displacement of 4,959 km and a total track distance from all locations received of 6,850 km. Tag shedding and
antenna failure appear to have limited the duration of tracks from SPOT tags. The high temporal and spatial resolution data
revealed behaviours not previously observed in striped marlin, including associations to subsurface bathymetric features.
High resolution location data such as these are useful inputs for statistical models used to investigate habitat selection
and switching between different behavioural modes. The geolocations calculated using ukfsst estimates from PAT tag data had
RMS errors of 1.01° latitude and 0.59° longitude when compared with SPOT tag Argos locations. 相似文献
109.
110.
Summary. A recent investigation showed that the brown seaweed Dictyota menstrualis was unfouled relative to co-occurring seaweeds, and that larvae of fouling invertebrates avoided settling on D. menstrualis due to chemicals on its surface. The secondary metabolites dictyol E and pachydictyol A are among the compounds found on
this alga's surface. In the present study, we tested the effects of specific diterpenes from Dictyota on the survivorship, growth, and development of invertebrate larvae and developing juveniles that could foul seaweeds. Exposure
to dictyol E, dictyol B acetate, pachydictyol A, and dictyodial from Dictyota menstrualis and D. ciliolata caused significant larval mortality, abnormal development, and reduce growth rates for three species of co-occurring invertebrates
when their larvae were forced into contact with these metabolites. Larvae were damaged at metabolite concentrations as low
as 5% of maximum possible surface concentrations of these compounds for the populations of Dictyota we studied. The negative effects of these secondary metabolites on potential foulers, in conjunction with data demonstrating
larval avoidance of dictyol-covered surfaces, suggest that these compounds could function as chemical defenses against fouling,
and could select for larvae that avoid hosts producing these metabolites.
Received 25 May 1998; accepted 22 June 1998. 相似文献