成都市生态环境与社会经济协调发展分析

以成都市为研究区域,采用主成分分析法(PCA)确定选取的生态环境与社会经济各项指标的权重,在此基础上建立可持续发展模型,对该区域生态环境与社会经济的协调发展度进行了分析。分析结果表明:成都市生态环境与社会经济之间属于协调发展类环境滞后型,且2001~2004年协调发展值逐年下降,可持续发展情况呈下降趋势。说明成都市在发展经济的同时,必须进一步增加环保投资,加强生态环境建设,还应将循环经济理论应用到区域规划中,调整产业结构,促进生态工业、生态社会、生态服务业等的建设,减少污染物的产生,实现环境、经济的"双赢",做到真正的可持续发展。     

提高中国环境影响评价公众参与制度有效性研究

在对中国现阶段环境影响评价工作中公众参与所发挥的作用以及现状进行总结的基础上,分析了中国公众参与取得的成绩,同时讨论了现阶段中国公众参与在环境影响评价中存在的普遍问题,主要集中在如何提高公众参与的有效性方面。通过对中国公众参与环境影响评价进行分析,找出了其中存在的问题,如公众参与信息公开不够,公众的意见不被重视等。最后,根据中国环境影响评价中公众参与存在的问题,提出了针对性的对策和建议。     

混凝过程中铝盐水解聚合反应平衡的流体动力学控制

为了明确混凝过程中搅拌剪切等动力学因素对铝盐水解聚合反应平衡的影响,采用配制模拟水样作为混凝水系,用Ferron逐时络合比色法对水解产物形态进行表征,并将获取结果与用去离子水组成的纯净水系获取的结果进行对比分析.同时,研究了模拟混凝水系中搅拌剪切条件对铝盐水解反应产物形态分布的影响,考查了铝盐的碱化度和模拟混凝水系的pH值对混凝体系中搅拌剪切条件作用于铝盐水解产物形态分布的影响,并提出了体系搅拌剪切条件影响混凝水系中铝盐水解反应平衡的作用机理.结果表明,混凝过程中的铝盐水解产物形态分布明显受到体系搅拌剪切条件的影响,并且随着混凝水系中铝盐水解程度的增大和转化率的提高,铝盐的水解产物形态分布受到反应体系中搅拌剪切条件的影响加大.     

对比重污染行业上市公司环境保护核查与环境影响评价

摘要通过对重污染行业上市公司的环境保护核查与环境影响评价进行比较,对环保核查和环境影响评价的概念、对象、方法、时间及周期、内容、审批部门、结论等具体内容进行分析,总结上市公司环境保护核查与环境影响评价之间的区别和联系,为相关工作提供参考依据。     

Cationic organobismuth complex as an effective catalyst for conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates

In order to achieve high-efficiency conversion of CO₂ into valuable chemicals, and to exploit new applications of organobismuth compounds, cationic organobismuth complex with 5,6,7,12-tetrahydrodibenz[c,f][1,5] azabismocine framework was examined for the first time for the coupling of CO₂ into cyclic carbonates, using terminal epoxides as substrates and tetrabutylammonium halide as co-catalyst in a solvent-free environment under mild conditions. It is shown that the catalyst exhibited high activity and selectivity for the coupling reaction of CO₂ with a wide range of terminal epoxide. The selectivity of propylene carbonates could reach 100%, and the maximum turnover frequency was up to 10740 h⁻¹ at 120°C and 3 MPa CO₂ pressure when tetrabutylammonium iodide was used as co-catalyst. Moreover, the catalyst is environment friendly, resistant to air and water, and can be readily reused and recycled without any loss of activity, demonstrating a potential in industrial application.     

Distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and decabromodiphenylethane in surface sediments from Fuhe River and Baiyangdian Lake, North China

Nineteen surface sediment samples collected from Baiyangdian Lake and its inflowing river (Fuhe River) in North China were analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE). The concentrations of PBDEs and DBDPE in sediments ranged from 5.5 to 300.7 ng/g dry weight (dw) and 1.1 to 68.2 ng/g dw, respectively. Their levels in sediments in Fuhe River were significantly higher than those in Baiyandian Lake. Compared to data from other regions, the PBDE levels in surface sediments from Baiyangdian Lake and Fuhe River were in the medium to lower range. Among the PBDE congeners, BDE209 was predominant, with contributions to the total PBDEs ranging from 79.4% to 97.3% in sediment samples. For the lowly brominated congeners (tri- to hepta-BDE), BDE47 and BDE99 were the most abundant, which contributed 52.1% and 44.1% to the sum of tri- to hepta-BDEs in the sediments from Baiyangdian Lake and Fuhe River, respectively. The compositional patterns of PBDEs in Baiyangdian Lake sediments indicated that technical deca-BDE mixture was the major pollutant sources with a minor contribution of penta-BDE mixture. The present study suggested that the importance of Fuhe River as a possibly potential sources of PBDEs contamination in Baiyangdian Lake.     

A comparative investigation of NdSrCu1-xCoxO4-σ and Sm1:8Ce0:2Cu1-xCoxO4-σ(x: 0-0.4) for NO decomposition

A series of single-phase T-structured NdSrCu1??xCoxO4?? with oxygen vacancies and T0-structured Sm1:8Ce0:2Cu1??xCoxO4?? (x: 0–0.4) with oxygen excess were prepared using ultrasound-assisted citric acid complexing method, and characterized by means of techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis and NO temperature-programmed desorption (NO-TPD). The catalytic activities of these materials were evaluated for the decomposition of NO. It was found that the NdSrCu1??xCoxO4?? catalysts were of oxygen vacancies whereas the Sm1:8Ce0:2Cu1??xCoxO4?? ones possessed excessive oxygen (i.e., over-stoichiometric oxygen); with a rise in Co doping level, the oxygen vacancy density of NdSrCu1??xCoxO4?? decreased while the over-stoichiometric oxygen amount of Sm1:8Ce0:2Cu1??xCoxO4?? increased. The NO-TPD results revealed that NO could be activated much easier over the oxygen-deficient perovskite-like oxides than over the oxygen-excessive perovskite-like oxides, with the NdSrCuO3:702 catalyst showing the best e ciency in activating NO molecules. Under the conditions of 1.0% NO/helium, 2800 hr??1, and 600–900°C, the catalytic activity of NO decomposition followed the order of NdSrCuO3:702 > NdSrCu0:8Co0:2O3:736 > NdSrCu0:6Co0:4O3:789 > Sm1:8Ce0:2Cu0:6Co0:4O4:187 > Sm1:8Ce0:2Cu0:8Co0:2O4:104 > Sm1:8Ce0:2CuO4:045, in concord with the sequence of decreasing oxygen vacancy or oxygen excess density. Based on the results, we concluded that the higher oxygen vacancy density and the stronger Cu3+/Cu2+ redox ability of NdSrCu1??xCoxO4?? account for the easier activation of NO and consequently improve the catalytic activity of NO decomposition over the catalysts.     

真空可再生固定化活性氧化镧除磷技术研究

介绍了一般污水除磷方法的局限性,提出并研究了一种新的化学除磷技术--真空可再生固定化活性氧化镧除磷技术,分析了该技术的优点及技术可行性.     

曝气陶粒生物滤池深度处理印染废水的研究

通过对陶粒生物滤池深度处理江苏某印染厂二级生化出水的研究表明:陶粒生物滤池在整个稳定运行阶段对本印染废水的CODcr去除率达55%左右,当进水CODcr在90 mg/L~100 mg/L之间时,出水CODcr可保持低于50 mg/L;陶粒生物滤池对于NH3-N也有很好的去除效果,当进水NH3-N浓度在8.5 mg/L~14 mg/L之间波动时,出水能够保持在1~1.5 mg/L,平均去除率基本稳定在88.5%左右;当进水色度在50~80度之间波动时,出水色度在38~62度之间,色度去率为20%。同时分析了CODcr、NH3-N去除的机理,以及导致色度去除不高的原因。     

河北省冬小麦冻害发生规律及影响因子研究

利用河北省冬小麦种植区内23个农气站点1980～2006年冬小麦全生育期观测资料、种植区内气象站点逐日气象资料（包括平均气温、极端最低气温、极端最高气温、降水、日照、地面温度）,分析了河北省冬小麦冻害发生规律和地域分布特征,采用数理统计方法,分析气候不断变暖的大背景下,诱导小麦冻害发生的主要因素。