Arsenic and lead in the indoor residential settings of different socio-economic status; assessment of human health risk via dust exposure

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the present study, occurrence of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) is reported in rural and urban household dust (floor and AC filter dust) of the Kingdom...     

Radiation degradation of Congo Red in aqueous solution

Radiation-induced degradation of Congo Red (an azo dye) in aqueous solution was studied both with steady-state radiolysis and time-resolve techniques of pulse radiolysis and laser flash photolysis. Decomposition and mineralization of Congo Red by gamma-rays was investigated with the changes of absorption spectra, degradation efficiency, TOC removal and pH changes of the solutions in different irradiation systems. The main radiolytic products resulting from steady-state radiolysis of Congo Red were examined by HPLC and LC-MS. Complete degradation of Congo Red was observed at different absorbed doses under diverse irradiation condition. The TOC removal of the solutions saturated with O2 or N2O reached 76% and 86% at the absorbed dose of 11.9 kGy, respectively. Pulse radiolysis and laser flash photolysis experiments were carried out to study the reaction of Congo Red with e(aq)- and ()OH. The reaction rate constants were determined.     

Maghemite(γ-Fe_2O_3) nanoparticles enhance dissimilatory ferrihydrite reduction by Geobacter sulfurreducens: Impacts on iron mineralogical change and bacterial interactions

Microbially mediated bioreduction of iron oxyhydroxide plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycle of iron.Geobacter sulfurreducens is a representative dissimilatory ironreducing bacterium that assembles electrically conductive pili and cytochromes.The impact of supplementation withγ-Fe_2O_3 nanoparticles(NPs)(0.2 and 0.6 g)on the G.sulfurreducens-mediated reduction of ferrihydrite was investigated.In the overall performance of microbial ferrihydrite reduction mediated byγ-Fe_2O_3 NPs,stronger reduction was observed in the presence of direct contact withγ-Fe_2O_3 NPs than with indirect contact.Compared to the production of Fe(Ⅱ)derived from biotic modification with ferrihydrite alone,increases greater than 1.6-and 1.4-fold in the production of Fe(Ⅱ)were detected in the biotic modifications in which direct contact with 0.2 g and 0.6 gγ-Fe_2O_3 NPs,respectively,occurred.X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that magnetite was a unique representative iron mineral in ferrihydrite when active G.sulfurreducens cells were in direct contact withγ-Fe_2O_3 NPs.Because of the sorption of biogenic Fe(Ⅱ)ontoγ-Fe_2O_3 NPs instead of ferrihydrite,the addition ofγ-Fe_2O_3 NPs could also contribute to increased duration of ferrihydrite reduction by preventing ferrihydrite surface passivation.Additionally,electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the direct addition ofγ-Fe_2O_3 NPs stimulated the electrically conductive pili and cytochromes to stretch,facilitating long-range electron transfer between the cells and ferrihydrite.The obtained findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of iron oxide NPs on soil biogeochemistry.     

发展绿色产品保护生态环境

浙江金洲集团股份有限公司是一家大型管道专业制造企业 ,是全国最大的管道科研生产基地之一 ,其主要防腐产品大口径涂敷钢管、钢塑复合管、铝塑复合管和热浸镀锌钢管畅销国内 2 0多个省市 ,产量位居同行业榜首。公司在取得经济效益的同时 ,将环保工作与创业宗旨、企业命运紧密结合 ,把节能降耗、清洁生产、污染防治、生态保护作为工作重点 ,使经济建设和环境保护同步规划、同步发展、同步提高。从建厂初期的简单设施中萌芽环保意识进展到 1 997年已超前控制烟尘排放 ;从 1 985年靠集资搞环保发展到现今投入近千万资金积极遵循环保这个“导航…     

汉江上游小流域土地利用及水土流失初探

汉江流域丹江口库区是南水北调中线工程的水源地，其周边及上游流域生态环境对于保证库区生态安全具有重要意义。利用汉江上游流域的数字高程模型进行子流域划分，分析了汉江上游及子流域的土地利用／土地覆盖特征，并结合利用土壤侵蚀强度分级标准和数字高程图（DEM），对流域的水土流失进行初步估算。研究结果表明，除丹江口库区周边及汉中盆地的森林灌丛覆盖率相对较低之外，其它亚流域的森林覆盖率都在50％以上。上游中部地区的水土流失现象较为严重，尤其是大巴山的北坡和秦岭的旬河流域，而汉中盆地与丹江口库区周边的水土流失相对较轻。研究结果可为流域的环境治理及生态恢复提供支撑，对南水北调中线工程水源地保障具有重要意义。     

新型泡沫塑料救生衣的研制

基于自行研制的体积质量仅0．034g／cm^3、手感柔软的NBR／PVC共混改性的救生衣用泡沫浮力材料、采用模压成型技术制得的边角圆润、质量一致性好的泡沫浮力内芯，成功地开发出新型泡沫塑料救生衣，适体且性能优良，便于人体各种活动。     

小公民,大德育--广州市番禺市桥中心小学创建绿色学校侧记

踏进番禺市桥中心小学的第一感觉是闹中取静,穿越闹市区的一身燥热也被满地清凉洗涤一空.     

A framework for policy formulation for small-scale mines: the case of coal in China

The effective management of small-scale mines is one of the major challenges for governments in the mining sector. Small-scale mining may bring tangible, short-term benefits to the communities involved. However, these benefits are frequently outweighed by the costs incurred in terms of illness, injury, pollution, waste of natural resources and market distortions. Governments, international agencies and advisers are generally able to draw up lists of actions which are required to regulate and manage small-scale mines more effectively, but turning plans into sustained action has proved more difficult. Two aspects of policy implementation are crucial to success: the alignment of interests, and the attitude and effectiveness of government. Using a case study of township and village coal mines in China, this article develops an approach to analysing these issues that could assist regional policy makers and advisers in formulating policy, in identifying key obstacles to policy implementation, and in identifying particular parties which need to be infiuenced or educated in order for the policy to succeed.     

大气中硫氧化物预测模型的建立

通过研究大气中硫氧化物与气象因素之间的相关关系,从而建立起城市大气中硫氧化物的统计预测模型,该模型经验证,实用可靠.     

Development of the microbial communities in lake donghu in relation to water quality

There is increasing recognition that protozoa is very useful in monitoring and evaluating water ecological healthy and quality. In order to study the relationship between structure and function of protozoan communities and water qualities, six sampling stations were set on Lake Donghu, a hypereutrophic subtropical Chinese lake. Microbial communities and protists sampling from the six stations was conducted by PFU (Polyurethane foam unit) method. Species number (S), diversity index (DI), percentage of phytomastigophra, community pollution value (CPV), community similarity and heterophy index (HI) were mensurated. The measured indicators of water quality included total phosphorus (TP), dissolved oxygen (DO), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH(4)(+), NO(2)(-) and NO(3)(-). Every month water samples from stations I, II, III, IV were chemically analyzed for a whole year, Among the chemically analyzed stations, station I was the most heavily polluted, station II was the next, stations III and IV had similar pollution degrees. The variable tendencies of COD, TP, NH(3), NO(2)(-), NO(3)(-), and DO during the year was approximately coincident among the six stations. Analysis from the community parameters showed that the pollution of station 0 was much more serious than others, and station V was the most slight. Of the community parameters, CPV and HI were sensitive in reflecting the variables of the water quality. Community similarity index was also sensitive in dividing water qualities and the water quality status of different stations could be correctly classified by the cluster analysis. DI could reflect the tendency of water quality gradient, species number and percentage of Phytomastigophora was not obvious in indicating the water quality gradient.