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171.
Thalita B. Zanoni Eloísa Silva de Paula Guilherme Julião Zocolo Maria Valnice B. Zanoni Danielle Palma de Oliveira 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(9):1506-1517
Incubation of guanosine and Sudan III induces the formation of a stable adduct, which may be identified using a spectrophotometric technique and mass spectroscopy. The high nucleophilicity of the C8 position and its proximity to N7 makes the site susceptible to a nucleophilic attack, which explains the SN2 reaction detected between guanosine and Sudan III dye. In addition, direct interaction of Sudan III with calf thymus DNA was monitored using a simple spectrophotometric technique. The results presented indicate that a simple modification of the chemical structure of Sudan I (monoazo dye) to Sudan III (diazo dye) markedly alters reactivity towards nitrogenous DNA bases. 相似文献
172.
Andreas Sundelöf Stuart R. Jenkins Carl J. Svensson Jane Delany Stephen J. Hawkins Per Åberg 《Marine Biology》2010,157(4):779-789
The importance of external and internal population processes in determining variation in reproductive output and variation
in population size were quantified with model simulations for open populations of the sequentially hermaphroditic limpet Patella vulgata using field data from the Isle of Man and South West Ireland. Cross-correlation analyses of model outputs and elasticity
analyses show that population dynamics are dominated by the effects of large females, and that recruitment adds little to
reproductive output. However, populations experiencing low but highly variable recruitment appear male limited and recruitment
pulses carrying young males into the population are correlated to reproductive output with a 2–5-year lag. We conclude that
pulses in recruitment can be a major structuring force in these limpet populations, but site-specific post-recruitment processes
will determine the relative importance of recruitment to population dynamics and the lag between recruitment and reproductive
output. 相似文献
173.
Jannika E. Boström Thord Fransson Ian Henshaw Sven Jakobsson Cecilia Kullberg Susanne Åkesson 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(11):1725-1732
Recent experiments exposing migratory birds to altered magnetic fields simulating geographical displacements have shown that
the geomagnetic field acts as an external cue affecting migratory fuelling behaviour. This is the first study investigating
fuel deposition in relation to geomagnetic cues in long-distance migrants using the western passage of the Mediterranean region.
Juvenile wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe) were exposed to a magnetically simulated autumn migration from southern Sweden to West Africa. Birds displaced parallel
to the west of their natural migration route, simulating an unnatural flight over the Atlantic Ocean, increased their fuel
deposition compared to birds experiencing a simulated migration along the natural route. These birds, on the other hand, showed
relatively low fuel loads in agreement with earlier data on wheatears trapped during stopover. The experimental displacement
to the west, corresponding to novel sites in the Atlantic Ocean, led to a simulated longer distance to the wintering area,
probably explaining the observed larger fuel loads. Our data verify previous results suggesting that migratory birds use geomagnetic
cues for fuelling decisions and, for the first time, show that birds, on their first migration, can use geomagnetic cues to
compensate for a displacement outside their normal migratory route, by adjusting fuel deposition. 相似文献
174.
175.
Rail has an important role to play in the development toward a sustainable transportation system. In this perspective, the European Brite Euram Project RAVEL (Rail Vehicle Eco-Efficient Design) has developed a rail sectorwide Design for Environment system to be used and standardized throughout the full supply chain. At the core of the system, quantitative environmental performance indicators for rail vehicles and components are used to incorporate environmental performance target levels in the product requirements and to measure and communicate achieved environmental performance. The concept of eco-efficiency is used to integrate both environmental and economical considerations. The methodology further builds on a standardized material list, standardized data formats, and proactive design guidance. To date, first steps are already taken to integrate the RAVEL project results into sector initiatives toward industrywide acceptance and standardization.Published online
Note: This version was published online in June 2005 with the cover date of August 2004. 相似文献