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31.
Can machines recognise stress in plants? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ronald?Maldonado-RodriguezEmail author Stancho?Pavlov Alberto?Gonzalez Abdallah?Oukarroum Reto?J.?Strasser 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2003,1(3):201-205
In this paper we show that chlorophyll a fluorescence signals analysed with the self-organizing map (SOM) can be used as a routine tool for the monitoring and classification of pea varieties (Pisum sativum) according to their degree of resistance against drought stress. Fluorescence kinetics measurements were obtained from non-stressed plants. The aim of this study is to evaluate the applicability of artificial intelligence techniques in eco-physiological research. Our goal is to provide a fast tool that will contribute to the knowledge needed to develop strategies that would help to decrease the impact of environmental stress in agriculture and forestry. 相似文献
32.
Oukarroum A Polchtchikov S Perreault F Popovic R 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(5):1755-1762
Purpose
In this study, the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the photosynthetic performance of two green algae, Chlorella vulgaris and Dunaliella tertiolecta, was investigated at 25°C and 31°C.Methods
To induce AgNPs effect, algal cells were exposed for 24?h to concentrations varying from 0 to 10?mg/L. The polyphasic OJIP fluorescence transient was used to evaluate photosystem II (PSII).Results
We show that growth media and temperature had different effects in AgNPs agglomerates formation and Zeta potential. When temperature conditions change, inhibitory effect of AgNPs also undergoes changes. Increase of temperature induced higher altering effects to PSII quantum yield, primary photosynthetic electron transport, and consequently higher decrease of total photosynthetic performance if compared to AgNPs effect alone. AgNPs has a negative effect on D. tertiolecta compared to C. vulgaris.Conclusion
We conclude that temperature tends to enhance the toxic effects on aquatic alga and these alterations might have serious consequences on ecosystem equilibrium and aquatic plant communities. 相似文献33.
Dalel belhaj Nada Elloumi Bouthaina Jerbi Mohamed Zouari Ferjani Ben Abdallah Habib Ayadi Monem Kallel 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(20):20168-20177
Use of sewage sludge, a biological residue produced from sewage treatment processes in agriculture, is an alternative disposal technique of waste. To study the usefulness of sewage sludge amendment for Helianthus annuus, a pot experiment was conducted by mixing sewage sludge at 2.5, 5, and 7.5 % (w/w) amendment ratios to the agricultural soil. Soil pH decreased whereas electrical conductivity, organic matter, total N, available P, and exchangeable Na, K, and Ca increased in soil amended with sewage sludge in comparison to unamended soil. Sewage sludge amendment led to significant increase in Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Zn concentrations of soil. The increased concentration of heavy metals in soil due to sewage sludge amendment led to increases in shoot and root concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn in plant as compared to those grown on unamended soil. Accumulation was more in roots than shoots for most of the heavy metals. Moreover, high metal removal for the harvestable parts of the crops was recorded. Sewage sludge amendment increased root and shoot length, leaves number, biomass, and antioxidant activities of sunflower. Significant increases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and in the glutathione, proline, and soluble sugar content in response to amendment with sewage sludge may be defense mechanisms induced in response to heavy metal stress. 相似文献
34.
Optimisation of rainwater tank design from large roofs: A case study in Melbourne, Australia 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Monzur Alam Imteaz Abdallah ShanablehAtaur Rahman Amimul Ahsan 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2011,55(11):1022-1029
Rainwater tanks for larger roof areas need optimisation of tank size, which is often not carried out before installation of these tanks. This paper presents a case study of rainwater tank evaluation and design for large roof areas, located in Melbourne, Australia, based on observed daily rainfall data representing three different climatic regimes (i.e. dry average, and wet years). With the aim of developing a comprehensive Decision Support Tool for the performance analysis and design of rainwater tanks, a simple spreadsheet based daily water balance model is developed using daily rainfall data, contributing roof area, rainfall loss factor, available storage volume, tank overflow and irrigation water demand. In this case study, two (185 m3 and 110 m3) underground rainwater tanks are considered. Using the developed model, effectiveness of each tank under different climatic scenarios are assessed. The analysis shows that both the tanks are quite effective in wet and average years, however less effective in dry years. A payback period analysis of the tanks is preformed which reveals that the total construction cost of the tanks can be recovered within 15-21 years time depending on tank size, climatic conditions and future water price increase rates. For the tanks, a relationship between water price increase rates and payback periods is developed. The study highlights the need for detailed optimisation and financial analysis for large rainwater tanks to maximise the benefits. 相似文献
35.
Abdallah MA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,132(1-3):111-123
Sediments of El-Mex Bay estuary on the southern Mediterranean Sea have been analyzed for trace metals after sediment fractionation
by sequential leaching. A sequential extraction procedure was applied to identify forms of Mn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn and Fe. The
five steps of the sequential extraction procedure partitioned metals into: CH3COONH4 extractable (F1); NaOAC carbonate extractable (F2); NH2OH.HCl/CH3COOH reducible extractable (F3); H2O2–HNO3 organic extractable (F4) and NHO3/HClO4/HF acid soluble residue (F5). Extracted concentrations of trace metals analyzed after all five steps, were found to be (μg/g)
for Mn: 1930.2, Cu: 165.3, Cd: 60.9, Cr: 386.3, Zn: 2351.3 and Fe: 10895. Most of elements were found in reducible fraction
except Fe found in acid soluble residue, characterizing stable compounds in sediments. Labile (non-residual) fractions of
trace elements (sum of the first four fractions) were analyzed because they are more bioavailable than the residual amount.
Correlation analysis was used to understand and visualize the associations between the labile fractions of trace metals and
certain forms, since Fe-and Mn-oxides play an important role in trace metals sorption within aquatic systems, especially within
El-Mex Bay sediments that characterized by varying metal bioavailability. 相似文献
36.
M. Ahmadifar Majid Sartaj M. Abdallah 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2016,18(4):703-714
Three different laboratory bioreactors, each duplicated, with dimensions 0.5 × 0.5 × 1 m were set up and monitored for 160 days. Municipal Solid Wastes with an organic content of ~80 % and a density of 550 kg/m3 were placed in bioreactors. Fresh leachate collected from waste collection vehicles was used with a recirculation rate of 28 L/day. Aerobic bioreactors were aerated at a rate of 0.15–0.24 L/min/kg of waste. Almost the same level of treatment was observed in terms of chemical oxygen demand reduction of leachate, which was in the range of 91–93 %. However, for anaerobic bioreactor, it took almost twice the time, 160 vs. 76 days, to reach the same level of treatment and stabilization. The behavior of semi-aerobic bioreactor was somewhere between the aerobic and anaerobic ones. Total biogas production for anaerobic bioreactors was 90 L/kg of waste, which contained 57–63 % methane. Methane concentration measured in semi-aerobic bioreactor was below 5 %. The main advantage of aerobic bioreactor was the fast rate of the process, while for semi-aerobic bioreactor, it was the elimination of the need for energy to maintain aerobic conditions, and for anaerobic bioreactor it was the production of biogas and potential energy recovery. 相似文献
37.
Abdallah M. Adra M.D. Andres A. Mejides Fawwaz A. Salman Helain J. Landy Andrew W. Helfgott 《黑龙江环境通报》1994,14(9):865-867
We report a case of fetal hydrocephalus secondary to a third ventricle choroid plexus papilloma detected by ultrasound at 33 weeks' gestation. The prenatal sonographic and colour flow Doppler findings of this rare fetal intracranial tumour are discussed. 相似文献
38.
Orientation and navigation during adult transport between nests in the ant Cataglypis iberica 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cataglyphis iberica is a polydomous ant species in which adult transports between nests are frequently observed. When pairs of workers were captured
and released at the same location, the transporters (Ts) fled directly towards their destination nest and reached it in most
of the cases. The transportees (Te), on the other hand, fled in the opposite direction and only a third of them eventually
reached their nest of departure. Additional experiments suggest that this result may be explained by the fact that the Ts
ants have a memory of the compass direction of the nest they are heading to and that they adjust their course by using a sequence
of memorised landmarks. As regards to the Te, the reversal of their direction of transport seems to be based essentially on
celestial cues.
Received: 20 October 1999 / Accepted in revised form: 10 May 2000 相似文献
39.
Inhibition of photosystem II (PSII) activity by atrazine was investigated in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during different states of the cell cycle. The algal cultures were maintained under continuous light or under light/dark cycle (16/8?h) to obtain homogenized cell cycle distribution. The cycle state of algal population was determined by the DNA content using flow cytometry and defined as newly divided cells before the initiation of DNA replication (G0/G1) and cells at the end of the replication cycle with fully duplicated DNA content (G2/M). Under different synchronized states of the cell population, the photosynthetic activity was investigated after treatment at 10, 100, and 1000?µmol?L?1 atrazine exposed for 24?h by using fluorescence parameters related to PSII activity measured with a plant efficiency analyzer and pulse-amplitude modulated methods. In this study, we found that the atrazine effect was different depending on cell cycle phases and the period of illumination. Algal cells under light–dark cycle showed inhibition of the PSII electron transport leading to an increase of heat energy dissipation by the PSII reaction center. Algal cells grown under continuous light was shown to be more resistant to atrazine than the cells grown under light–dark cycle. 相似文献
40.
Soosai Michael Rahul Moorthy Innasi Muthu Ganesh Varalakshmi Perumal Syed Asad Elgorban Abdallah Mohamed Rigby Sean Patrick Natesan Sivrajasekar Gunaseelan Sathaiah Joshya Yonas Camy Baskar Rajoo Kumar Rajaram Shyam Karthikumar Sankar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(6):14265-14283
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the present study, biomass from the Chromolaena odorata plant’s stem was activated using sulfuric acid to adsorb crystal violet (CV) dye. The... 相似文献