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161.
162.
Response surface methodology analysis of the photocatalytic removal of Methylene Blue using bismuth vanadate prepared via polyol route 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Visible-light driven photocatalyst bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) photocatalyst was synthesized by the polyol route using ethylene glycol. The precipitate was washed, dried and calcined at 450℃ for 3 hr. The sample was characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), zeta potential, surface area (BET method) and band gap energy via diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The synthesized BiVO4 has a monoclinic phase with a surface area of 4.3 m2/g and a band gap energy of 2.46 eV. A majority of the particles were in the range of 90-130 nm as obtained from the particle size distribution histrogram. The efficiency of the sample as a visible-light driven photocatalyst was examined by photodegrading Methylene Blue (MB). The effects of some operational photodegradation parameters such as mass loading, initial dye concentration and pH were also examined. Experimental design methodology was applied by response surface modeling and optimization of the removal of MB. The multivariate experimental design was employed to develop a quadratic model as a functional relationship between the percentage removal of MB and three experimental factors (BiVO4 loading, MB initial concentration and pH). The percentage removal of MB approached 67.21% under optimized conditions. In addition, a satisfactory goodness-of-fit was achieved between the predictive and the experimental results. 相似文献
163.
Sludge granulation and e ciency of phase separator in UASB reactor treating
combined industrial e uent 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abdullah Yasar Nasir Ahm Muhammad Nawaz Chaudhry Aamir Amanat Ali Khan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(5):553-558
Sludge granulation and the effect of gas-liquid-solid separator (GLSS) design on the efficiency of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and upflow anaerobic sludge filter (UASF) reactors, operating at HRTs ranging from 3 to 12 h was investigated. VSS/TS ratio gradually increased in both the reactors with increasing sludge age (from 0.5 to more than 0.7 for UASB reactor and 0.012 to 0.043 for UASF reactor). X-Ray diffraction analysis of the UASF sludge showed the presence of expanding clays revealing its additional absorption capability. Fuoraphyllite and albite precipitation related to excellular polymers of the microbial shell structure, showed the extended growth of microorganisms during sludge granulation. A gradual decrease (82%-69%) in COD removal with decreasing HRT was apparent in UASF reactor. In case of UASB reactor, this decrease was marginal because addition of GLSS device significantly improved (14%-20%) the overall efficiency of the UASB reactor. GLSS enhanced the efficiency of the UASB reactor by increasing the settleability of suspended particles and accelerating the coagulation of colloidal particles due to the velocity gradient. 相似文献
164.
Hasan Muhammad Abdullah M. Golam Mahboob Mehmuna R. Banu Dursun Zafer Seker 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(5):3839-3851
The vast coastal and marine resources that occur along the southern edge of Bangladesh make it one of the most productive areas of the world. However, due to growing anthropogenic impacts, this area is under considerable environmental pressure from both physical and chemical stress factors. Ship breaking, or the dismantling and demolition of out-of-service ocean-going vessels, has become increasingly common in many coastal areas. To investigate the extent of ship breaking activities in Bangladesh along the Sitakunda coast, various spatial and non-spatial data were obtained, including remote sensing imagery, statistical records and published reports. Impacts to coastal and marine life were documented. Available data show that ship breaking activities cause significant physical disturbance and release toxic materials into the environment, resulting in adverse effects to numerous marine taxonomic groups such as fish, mammals, birds, reptiles, plants, phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthic invertebrates. Landsat imagery illustrates that the negatively impacted coastal area has grown 308.7 % from 367 ha in 1989 to 1,133 ha in 2010. Physicochemical and biological properties of coastal soil and water indicate substantially elevated pollution that poses a risk of local, regional and even global contamination through sea water and atmospheric transport. While damage to the coastal environment of Bangladesh is a recognized hazard that must be addressed, the economic benefits of ship breaking through job creation and fulfilling the domestic demand for recycled steel must be considered. Rather than an outright ban on beach breaking of ships, the enterprise must be recognized as a true and influential industry that should be held responsible for developing an economically viable and environmentally proactive growth strategy. Evolution of the industry toward a sustainable system can be aided through reasonable and enforceable legislative and judicial action that takes a balanced approach, but does not diminish the value of coastal conservation. 相似文献
165.
M. N. Satheesh Kumar Zahira Yaakob Siti Maimunah Siddaramaiah S. R. S. Abdullah 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2010,18(4):539-544
The kinetics of polyesterification of glycerol, phthalic anhydride and jatropha oil leading to the formation of alkyd resins
were studied. A series of alkyd resins having different amount of jatropha oil viz., 40–80% have been prepared by employing
two stage alcoholysis-polyesterification process. The extent of reaction and average degree of polymerisation were calculated
from the end group analysis of the reaction mixture withdrawn at regular intervals of time. The initial reaction rates followed
the second order kinetics and thereafter deviations were observed. An appreciable degree of conversion was noticed from the
extent of the reaction which lies in the range of 49.5–62.5%. The average degree of polymerisation calculated in the region
of deviation from second order suggested the occurrence of chain branching at relatively shorter intervals along the polymer
chain. The second order rate constants were found to be of the order of 10−5 g (mg KOH)−1 min−1. 相似文献
166.
167.
Biomonitoring of multi-element atmospheric deposition using terrestrial moss is a well-established technique in Europe. Although
the technique is widely known, there were very limited records of using this technique to study atmospheric air pollution
in Malaysia. In this present study, the deposition of 11 trace metals surrounding the main petroleum refinery plant in Kerteh
Terengganu (eastern part of peninsular Malaysia) has been evaluated using two local moss species, namely Hypnum plumaeforme and Taxithelium instratum as bioindicators. The study was also done by means of observing whether these metals are attributed to work related to oil
exploration in this area. The moss samples have been collected at 30 sampling stations in the vicinity of the petrochemical
industrial area covering up to 15 km to the south, north, and west in radius. The contents of heavy metal in moss samples
were analyzed by energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence technique. Distribution of heavy metal content in all mosses is portrayed
using Surfer software. Areas of the highest level of contaminations are highlighted. The results obtained using the principal
components analysis revealed that the elements can be grouped into three different components that indirectly reflected three
different sources namely anthropogenic factor, vegetation factor, and natural sources (soil dust or substrate) factor. Heavy
metals deposited mostly in the distance after 9 km onward to the western part (the average direction of wind blow). V, Cr,
Cu, and Hg are believed to have originated from local petrochemical-based industries operated around petroleum industrial
area. 相似文献
168.
Md. Pauzi Abdullah 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1997,44(1-3):443-454
A study was carried out at some selected coastal areas of Malaysia to determine the present status of hydrocarbon pollution. Five sites were chosen and these include Pulau Langkawi and Pulau Ketam in the west coast, Tanjung Piai in the south, and Pulau Tioman and Kemaman in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The levels of total hydrocarbon in the sediments are found to vary from 18.2 to 847.4 mg kg-1 with sediments from Pulau Langkawi and Tanjung Piai recorded the highest values (691.2 to 847.4 mg kg-1) while Kemaman and Pulau Ketam recorded the lowest values (18.2 to 59.8 mg kg-1). It was noted that these values are related not only to possible sources of hydrocarbon but also to the physical characteristics of the sediments analysed. Sandy sediment generally contains less hydrocarbon than clayey sediment. Further analyses of the sediment extracts indicate that the sources of the hydrocarbon pollution are predominantly petrogenic with significant contribution from biogenic hydrocarbon. 相似文献
169.
Highland catchments in tropical regions are frequently subjected to soil erosion and the transport of chemicals downstream.
Any drastic changes in land use will increase the severity of these processes of land degradation. A simulation study using
GLEAMS (Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems) was conducted at a catchment presently under tea farming
in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Soil, water and nutrient transport associated with several alternative land uses was studied.
In addition, the effect of a disruptive form of land clearing on soil, water and nutrient losses was also investigated. Modelling
with GLEAMS required information from field measurements and observations, laboratory analyses, guide tables, industry records,
maps and reports published by soil survey and meteorological departments.
The most critical step in simulating soil and water movement using GLEAMS is the identification of a representative flow sequence.
In the catchment under study, the representative flow sequence was overland flow–channel 1–channel 2. Input data on soil erodibility,
porosity and surface roughness were manipulated to represent various degrees and forms of disturbance to the surface soil
layer. For all land uses studied, the highest soil loss was predicted for the overland flow area where slope gradient is high
and the soil friable. The variations in soil loss, runoff and nutrient loss between landscape elements and between land uses
were consistent with soil erosion features observed in the field. Soil and nutrient losses were substantial for crops such
as cabbage that required land shaping activities and frequent ploughing of the soil. Predicted data on enrichment ratio of
specific surface (ERSS) are consistent with nutrient enrichment processes in the field and could prove to be useful in studies
on chemical transport in highland catchments. 相似文献
170.
Pauzi Abdullah MD. Hamonangan Nainggolan 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1991,19(1-3):423-431
Phenolic chemicals with their very low taste and odour thresholds, high persistence and toxicity, are of growing concern as water pollutants. The compounds are known to exist in raw water as well as in treated water. The level of phenolic priority pollutants in water within the catchment area of the Linggi River Treatment Plant in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, which includes the Linggi river basin, was monitored. The 4-aminoantipyrin colourimetric method was used to determine total phenols whereas capillary column gas chromatography was used to determine the individual compounds. The results show that at most sampling stations, particularly those within the Seremban municipality, the level of phenols was found to exceed the recommended Malaysian standard of 2.0 g/L-1 for raw water. This is seen as the direct impact of industrial and urbanization of the area and clearly indicates the unhealthy state of the Linggi river. The results also indicate the need to improve the water quality if the river is going to be used as a source of raw water. 相似文献