2013—2020年泸沽湖溶解氧随时间变化规律及主要影响因素分析

泸沽湖坐落于川滇交界处,是中国典型高原淡水湖泊。对泸沽湖水质的客观评价对于其规划保护及保护成效评估极为重要。鉴于溶解氧常常成为决定泸沽湖水质类别的唯一关键指标,在综合分析泸沽湖2013—2020年连续8年水环境主要指标变化的基础上,着重分析了溶解氧随季节、年际等的变化情况及其主要影响因素。结果表明,溶解氧浓度及饱和率存在明显的季节和年际波动。其中:溶解氧浓度一般是在春季升至全年最高,夏季末降低,并在秋冬季维持低位;溶解氧饱和率则是夏秋季节最高,冬季最低。溶解氧浓度的季节变化与水温显著负相关,而溶解氧饱和率的季节变化和水温、pH显著正相关;溶解氧浓度及饱和率的年际变化与水质主要指标均不存在显著相关关系。受高海拔低气压影响,虽然采取了大气压和温度补偿校准,但泸沽湖溶解氧浓度仍不易达到Ⅰ类水质标准限值(7.5 mg/L);而优良的水质加之茂盛的水生植被使得其溶解氧饱和率长期处于较高水平,可以达到Ⅰ类标准限值(90%)。因此,在自然环境特征类似于泸沽湖的水质优良高原湖泊,优先以饱和率作为溶解氧的评价指标更为合理。     

珠江口沉积物重金属背景值及其污染研究

采用珠江口348个表层和2个柱状沉积物样品的重金属数据,结合数理统计方法,估算了珠江口沉积物重金属背景值.同时,利用柱状样品结果对背景值进行检验,并与其他研究成果对比.研究区Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr和Ni的背景值分别为16.1、21.9、94.3、69.3和30.3μg·g-1,且本文获得的重金属背景值更具有代表性.最后,采用获得的重金属背景值对珠江口区域污染状况进行研究,发现珠江口大部分区域的表层沉积物中单个重金属元素及总体污染程度属于中、低水平,重污染区主要分布在珠江八大口门附近区域,特别是东四门的西滩.ZY1柱状样品结果显示,1997—2003年间各重金属含量及污染程度均快速上升,2003—2005年间增速虽减缓,但2005年以后又呈现增大现象,重金属污染历史记录较好地反映了珠江三角洲流域社会经济和人类活动对重金属输入的影响.     

Effect of Ce doping of TiO2 support on NH3-SCR activity over V2O5-WO3/CeO2-TiO2 catalyst

CeO2–TiO2composite supports with different Ce/Ti molar ratios were prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method, and V2O5–WO3/CeO2–TiO2catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction（SCR） of NOx with NH3 were prepared by an incipient-wetness impregnation method. These catalysts were characterized by means of BET, XRD, UV–Vis,Raman and XPS techniques. The results showed that the catalytic activity of V2O5–WO3/TiO2 was greatly enhanced by Ce doping（molar ratio of Ce/Ti = 1/10） in the TiO2 support.The catalysts that were predominantly anatase TiO2 showed better catalytic performance than the catalysts that were predominantly fluorite CeO2. The Ce additive could enhance the surface adsorbed oxygen and accelerate the SCR reaction. The effects of O2 concentration, ratio of NH3/NO, space velocity and SO2 on the catalytic activity were also investigated. The presence of oxygen played an important role in NO reduction. The optimal ratio of NH3/NO was 1/1 and the catalyst had good resistance to SO2 poisoning.     

生态文明视角下江苏省生态工业园区建设及区域差异分析研究

建设生态文明是关系人民福祉、关乎民族未来的长远大计,坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策。着力推进绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展,形成节约资源和保护环境的空间格局、产业结构、生产方式、生活方式。生态工业园区是解决经济社会发展与资源、环境之间矛盾,建设生态文明的重要实践形式。分析了江苏省生态工业园区建设现状、区域分布及差异特征,并从生态文明建设视角分析了生态工业园区建设过程中存在的问题,提出了相应的措施和建议。     

一种新型高选择性检测镁离子的荧光增强型探针

合成了一种新的镁离子荧光探针1(α-(喹啉-8-氧基)-乙酰水杨醛腙)(α(quinolin-8-yloxy)-acetyl salieyl hydrazone).探针1的乙醇溶液只发非常微弱的荧光,加入镁离子后在400-500nm的波长范围可以观察到65倍的荧光增强,而加入其它碱金属或碱土金属离子则不会引起荧光光谱的...     

Objectives for management of socio-ecological systems in the Great Barrier Reef region,Australia

A wide range of goals and objectives have to be taken into account in natural resources management. Defining these objectives in operational terms, including dimensions such as sustainability, productivity, and equity, is by no means easy, especially if they must capture the diversity of community and stakeholder values. This is especially true in the coastal zone where land activities affect regional marine ecosystems. In this study, the aim was firstly to identify and hierarchically organise the goals and objectives for coastal systems, as defined by local stakeholders. Two case study areas are used within the Great Barrier Reef region being Mackay and Bowen–Burdekin. Secondly, the aim was to identify similarities between the case study results and thus develop a generic set of goals to be used as a starting point in other coastal communities. Results show that overarching high-level goals have nested sub-goals that contain a set of more detailed regional objectives. The similarities in high-level environmental, governance, and socio-economic goals suggest that regionally specific objectives can be developed based on a generic set of goals. The prominence of governance objectives reflects local stakeholder perceptions that current coastal zone management is not achieving the outcomes they feel important and that there is a need for increased community engagement and co-management. More importantly, it raises the question of how to make issues relevant for the local community and entice participation in the local management of public resources to achieve sustainable environmental, social, and economic management outcomes.     

基于发光细菌的细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))可溶性提取液综合生物效应测试方法及其应用

为科学评估PM_(2.5)对生物体综合生物效应,研究建立了利用费氏弧菌检测PM_(2.5)水溶性提取液的毒性测试方法,确立了PM_(2.5)样品提取液发光细菌毒性测试实验质量控制办法。对春节烟花爆竹燃放和沙尘污染过程的PM_(2.5)实样测试表明:烟花爆竹燃放期间的PM_(2.5)样品提取液发光抑制率值与微量金属元素等有毒有害组分浓度显著相关;沙尘污染期间的PM_(2.5)样本提取液中地壳元素浓度和发光抑制率值显著不相关。     

两相分配生物反应器中苍白杆菌PW对芘的降解效果

为降低PAHs对微生物的毒性,促进PAHs的降解,采用TPPB技术(two-phase patitioning bioreactor,两相分配生物反应器)对芘进行降解,研究了不同有机相(硅油、十二烷、十一醇、癸烷、十六烷、十八烷)、ρ(芘)、φ(有机相)和扰动速率对芘降解的影响. 结果表明:当φ(有机相)为10.0%、ρ(芘)为100~1 000 mg/L时,T0(纯水相)及T1(水-硅油)、T2(水-癸烷)、T3(水-十二烷)、T4(水-十一醇)、T5(水-十六烷)和T6(水-十八烷)体系中芘的降解率分别为92.5%~13.9%、69.3%~20.1%、79.6%~23.3%、81.9%~26.9%、86.7%~28.1%、87.7%~34.1%、89.6%~27.4%. ρ(芘)较低时,TPPB抑制了芘的降解;ρ(芘)较高时,TPPB则能促进芘的降解. 6种有机相中,十六烷对芘降解的促进效果最优. 最优φ(有机相)的确定和ρ(芘)有关,ρ(芘)为200 mg/L时,最优φ(十八烷)、φ(十六烷)、φ(十一醇)分别为5.0%、2.5%和5.0%;ρ(芘)为1 000 mg/L时,其均为20.0%. 液体扰动速率的提高能促进芘的降解,液体扰动速率为50~200 r/min时,T6和T5体系中的芘的降解率分别为50.1%~75.6%和54.1%~79.1%. 研究显示,TPPB技术是一种潜在治理高浓度PAHs污染的有效途径,TPPB的优化是多种影响因素综合作用的结果.      

餐厨垃圾与生活垃圾焚烧协同处理探讨

目前餐厨垃圾处理处置项目存在投资及运行成本高等问题。本文针对规模小的餐厨垃圾处理项目,提出餐厨垃圾与当地生活垃圾焚烧项目协同处理的技术方案。该协同处理方案能够实现餐厨垃圾处理与生活垃圾焚烧项目的人员共享、设施共享、能源互通,且占地小、物流顺畅,大幅度降低了餐厨垃圾处理的投资和运行成本,是一种可行的适合于小规模餐厨垃圾处理项目的技术方案。     

气候旱涝灾害诊断及其防抗服务

本文采取改进的“ＢＭ”方法，分旬、分县（市）客观、定量诊断气候旱涝灾害，进而模拟未来旬由旱（涝）转为正常所需的降水量（或无雨旬数）及其出现的气候概率。并在此基础上设计应用服务的实施方案．有效地提高防抗灾害的决策能力。