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781.
Shafi S Sweetman A Hough RL Smith R Rosevear A Pollard SJ 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,144(3):1013-1023
A fugacity approach was evaluated to reconcile loadings of vinyl chloride (chloroethene), benzene, 1,3-butadiene and trichloroethylene in waste with concentrations observed in landfill gas monitoring studies. An evaluative environment derived from fictitious but realistic properties such as volume, composition, and temperature, constructed with data from the Brogborough landfill (UK) test cells was used to test a fugacity approach to generating the source term for use in landfill gas risk assessment models (e.g. GasSim). SOILVE, a dynamic Level II model adapted here for landfills, showed greatest utility for benzene and 1,3-butadiene, modelled under anaerobic conditions over a 10 year simulation. Modelled concentrations of these components (95,300 microg m(-3); 43 microg m(-3)) fell within measured ranges observed in gas from landfills (24,300-180,000 microg m(-3); 20-70 microg m(-3)). This study highlights the need (i) for representative and time-referenced biotransformation data; (ii) to evaluate the partitioning characteristics of organic matter within waste systems and (iii) for a better understanding of the role that gas extraction rate (flux) plays in producing trace component concentrations in landfill gas. 相似文献
782.
Jenkins TF Hewitt AD Grant CL Thiboutot S Ampleman G Walsh ME Ranney TA Ramsey CA Palazzo AJ Pennington JC 《Chemosphere》2006,63(8):1280-1290
Environmental investigations have been conducted at 23 military firing ranges in the United States and Canada. The specific training facilities most frequently evaluated were hand grenade, antitank rocket, and artillery ranges. Energetic compounds (explosives and propellants) were determined and linked to the type of munition used and the major mechanisms of deposition. 相似文献
783.
It has long been suggested that environmental assessment has the potential to contribute to sustainable development through
mechanisms above and beyond informing design and consent decisions, and while theories have been proposed to explain how this
might occur, few have been subjected to rigorous empirical validation. This research advances the theoretical debate by building
a rich empirical understanding of environmental assessment’s practical outcomes, from which its potential to contribute to
sustainable development can be gauged. Three case study environmental assessment processes in England were investigated using
a combination of data generated from content analysis, in-depth interviews, and a questionnaire survey. Four categories of
outcomes are delineated based on the research data: learning outcomes; governance outcomes; attitudinal and value changes;
and developmental outcomes. The data provide a robust critique of mainstream theory, with its focus on design and consent
decisions. The article concludes with an examination of the consequences of the context-specific nature of environmental assessment
practices in terms of developing theory and focusing future research. 相似文献
784.
Alan E. Fryar Stephen A. Macko William F. Mullican III Katherine D. Romanak Philip C. Bennett 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2000,40(4)
In arid and semi-arid environments, artificial recharge or reuse of wastewater may be desirable for water conservation, but NO3− contamination of underlying aquifers can result. On the semi-arid Southern High Plains (USA), industrial wastewater, sewage, and feedlot runoff have been retained in dozens of playas, depressions that focus recharge to the regionally important High Plains (Ogallala) aquifer. Analyses of ground water, playa-basin core extracts, and soil gas in an 860-km2 area of Texas suggest that reduction during recharge limits NO3− loading to ground water. Tritium and Cl− concentrations in ground water corroborate prior findings of focused recharge through playas and ditches. Typical δ15N values in ground water (>12.5‰) and correlations between δ15N and ln CNO−3–N suggest denitrification, but O2 concentrations ≥3.24 mg l−1 indicate that NO3− reduction in ground water is unlikely. The presence of denitrifying and NO3−-respiring bacteria in cores, typical soil–gas δ15N values <0‰, and decreases in NO3−–N/Cl− and SO42−/Cl− ratios with depth in cores suggest that reduction occurs in the upper vadose zone beneath playas. Reduction may occur beneath flooded playas or within anaerobic microsites beneath dry playas. However, NO3−–N concentrations in ground water can still exceed drinking-water standards, as observed in the vicinity of one playa that received wastewater. Therefore, continued ground-water monitoring in the vicinity of other such basins is warranted. 相似文献
785.
Ford Scott Alan Persson Joel Jepsen Martin Rudbeck Mertz Ole 《Regional Environmental Change》2022,22(4):1-14
Regional Environmental Change - Climate change has severe impacts on the livelihoods of West-African communities with the floods of the late 2000s and early 2010s serving as factual evidence.... 相似文献
786.
Davis Lodinikki Lemoy Aragão Walessa Alana Bragança de Oliveira Lopes Géssica Eiró Luciana Guimaraes Freire Alexandre Rodrigues Prado Felippe Bevilacqua Rossi Ana Cláudia da Silva Cruz Allan das Graças Fernandes Dantas Kelly Albuquerque Alan Rodrigo Leal Paz Simone Patricia Aranha Angélica Rômulo Simões Lima Rafael Rodrigues 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(10):13930-13940
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - There are a few data relating to the effects of lead (Pb) exposure on the alveolar bone, which has very distinct morphophysiological characteristics... 相似文献