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51.
Manuel Benítez 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2002,31(4):285-294
本文概述了引起萨尔瓦多红树林退化的各种因素,并分析了拟议中的红树林产权变化对贫困的海岸带社区红树林的意义.目前萨尔瓦多红树林生态系统的采伐和转化模式可通过补贴权利的透镜来观察,这种补助就是为特定用途向一些参与者授予财产权(而不授权给别人).遗憾的是,对红树林资源的使用进行管理的现有法律法规体系是相互矛盾和含混不清的.一些现行的法律对生态系统的使用和转变问题做出了完全相反的规定.如果不对各项补贴权利重新定义,就不能确保对红树林进行合理、持续的管理.但这种权利的重新定义应考虑其生活与生态系统的健康状况密切相关的那些群体的需要. 相似文献
52.
Sediments as monitors of heavy metal contamination in the Ave river basin (Portugal): multivariate analysis of data 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Soares HM Boaventura RA Machado AA Esteves da Silva JC 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1999,105(3):311-323
The concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) were determined in river sediments collected at the Ave river basin (Portugal) to obtain a general classification scenery of the pollution in this highly polluted region. Multivariate data analysis techniques of clustering, principal components and eigenvector projections were used in this classification. Five general areas with different polluting characteristics were detected and several individual heavy metal concentration abnormalities were detected in restricted areas. A good correlation between the overall metal contamination determined by multivariate analysis and metal pollution indexes for all sampling stations was obtained. Some preliminary experiments showed that the metal concentrations normalised to the volatile matter content in the sediment fraction with grain size <63 microm seems to be an adequate method for assessing metal pollution. 相似文献
53.
Antonio G. Checa Concepción Jiménez-López Alejandro Rodríguez-Navarro Jorge P. Machado 《Marine Biology》2007,150(5):819-827
To understand the relative importance of biological versus physicochemical control over biomineralization, we have tested
if the chemical composition of the medium (i.e., the Mg/Ca ratio) can change the mineralogy of mollusk shells. The shells
of mollusks are made of calcite and/or aragonite, which are by far the most common CaCO3 polymorphs. Several species of bivalves with predominantly calcitic shells have been cultivated in artificial seawater with
a Mg/Ca molar ratio within the range of 8.3–9.2, well above the present value for seawater (5.2). Four out of six species
used (the scallop Chlamys varia, the oyster Ostrea edulis, the saddle oyster Anomia ephippium and the mussel Mytilus edulis) survived long enough to secrete significant amounts of calcium carbonate. The deposits (sometimes extensive) formed on the
interior shell surfaces were predominantly aragonitic. Three individuals of C. varia also increased their length by adding new shell at the margin. Contrary to the internal shell deposits, these margins were
high-Mg calcite. This implies that the marginal mantle is able to exert a more strict control on the secreted mineral phase
than the mantle facing the internal shell surface. This is the first report on an in vivo experimentally forced switch in
bivalve shell mineralogy, from calcite to aragonite due to a change in water chemistry. 相似文献
54.
Miagostovich Marize Pereira Rocha Mônica Simões dos Reis Fabiane Bertoni Sampaio Marcelo Santos de Saldanha da Gama Gracie Carrijo Renata Malta Fabio Correia Rodrigues Janaína Genuino Amanda Ribeiro da Silva Assis Matheus Fumian Tulio Machado Barrocas Paulo Rubens Guimarães 《Food and environmental virology》2020,12(2):130-136
Food and Environmental Virology - The availability of drinking water is one of the main determinants of quality of life, disease prevention and the promotion of health. Viruses are important agents... 相似文献
55.
56.
Lourdes Teresinha Kist Said El Moutaqi Ênio Leandro Machado 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2009,17(13):1200-1205
This study included the layout characterization for the production process of a poultry slaughterhouse using qualitative and quantitative flow charts for water management; analysis of general parameters for pollution load in the wastewater produced in critical stages of the production process and assessment of environmental impact indicators. Prognoses for cleaner production based on water management were established. The diagnostic stage revealed that the scalding, pre-chilling, separated points of wastewater disposal for the wastewater treatment plant and disposal of treated and non-reused wastewater were critical for water management. Dissolved oxygen depletion and eutrophication account for the major environmental impacts of these wastewaters, resulting in an environmental pressure index of 32.1. The opportunities for cleaner production implementation resulting from this study include the reuse of wastewaters from pre-chilling and chilling for pre-washing of carcasses, since average temperatures of these wastewaters range between 4 and 16 °C. This will contribute to lowering the oil and grease pollution load. Another strategy concerns the standardization of cleaning procedures with rational water use in all work shifts and implementation of water meters on a sector-by-sector basis. In the latter case, which has already been implemented, water consumption was reduced by 13%. 相似文献
57.
58.
Marize Pereira Miagostovich Flávia Ramos Guimarães Carmen Baur Vieira Tulio Machado Fumian Nilson Porto da Gama Matias Victoria Jaqueline Mendes de Oliveira Anna Carolina de Oliveira Mendes Ana Maria Coimbra Gaspar José Paulo Gagliardi Leite 《Food and environmental virology》2014,6(2):110-115
The preservation of water resources is one of the goals of the designation of parks that act as natural reservoirs. In order to assess the impact of the presence of humans in an environmental preservation area bordering urban areas, the presence of four pathogenic enteric viruses [group A rotavirus (RV-A), norovirus (NoV), human adenoviruses (HAdV), and hepatitis A virus (HAV)], as well as the physico-chemical parameters, and Escherichia coli levels were assessed in riverine water samples. From June 2008 to May 2009, monthly monitoring was performed along the Engenho Novo River. RV-A, NoV, and HAdV were observed in 29 % (31/108) of the water samples, with concentrations of up to 103 genome copies/liter. The natural occurrence of infectious HAdV was demonstrated by Integrated Cell Culture-PCR (ICC-PCR). This study confirms the suitability of using the detection of fecal-oral transmitted viruses as a marker of human fecal contamination in water matrices and indicates the spread of pathogenic viruses occurring in an alleged area of environmental protection. 相似文献
59.
60.
Sandro Lemos Machado Mehran Karimpour-Fard Nader Shariatmadari Miriam Fatima Carvalho Julio C.F. do Nascimento 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2010,30(12):2579-2591
The characteristics of municipal solid waste (MSW) play a key role in many aspects of waste disposal facilities and landfills. Because most of a landfill is made up of MSW, the overall stability of the landfill slopes are governed by the strength parameters and physical properties of the MSW. These parameters are also important in interactions involving the waste body and the landfill structures: cover liner, leachate and gas collection systems. On the other hand, the composition of the waste, which affects the geotechnical behavior of the MSW, is dependent on a variety of factors such as climate, disposal technology, the culture and habits of the local community. It is therefore essential that the design and stability evaluations of landfills in each region be performed based on the local conditions and the geotechnical characteristic of the MSW. The Bandeirantes Landfill, BL, in São Paulo and the Metropolitan Center Landfill, MCL, in Salvador, are among the biggest landfills in Brazil. These two disposal facilities have been used for the development of research involving waste mechanics in recent years. Considerable work has been made in the laboratory and in the field to evaluate parameters such as water and organic contents, composition, permeability, and shear strength. This paper shows and analyzes the results of tests performed on these two landfills. The authors believe that these results could be a good reference for certain aspects and geotechnical properties of MSW materials in countries with similar conditions. 相似文献