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131.
Ana Teresa Juarez-Facio Clément Castill Cécile Corbière Hélène Lavanant Carlos Afonso Christophe Morin Nadine Merlet-Machour Laurence Chevalier Jean-Marie Vaugeois Jérôme Yon Christelle Monteil 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(3):104-117
Ultrafine particles represent a growing concern in the public health community but their precise role in many illnesses is still unknown. This lack of knowledge is related to the experimental difficulty in linking their biological effects to their multiple properties, which are important determinants of toxicity. Our aim is to propose an interdisciplinary approach to study fine(FP) and ultrafine(UFP) particles, generated in a controlled manner using a mini CAST(Combustion Aerosol Standard) soot ... 相似文献
132.
Joris Mergaert Kurt Ruffieux Christophe Bourban Virginie Storms Wim Wagemans Erich Wintermantel Jean Swings 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2000,8(1):17-27
A simple and rapid in vitro test was designed for the assessment of the biodegradation of polyester-based plastics by selected biodegrading bacterial strains. Variovorax paradoxus LMG 16137 was used for the degradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae LMG 17238 fo the synthetic-based polyesters poly(-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate), and a starch-PCL blend. Degradation by the bacteria was studied in liquid medium with the plastics (films, granules, and injection-molded test bars) as sole sources of carbon. Degradation was followed through gravimetry, growth of the culture, and tensile testing. The effects of incubation time, inoculum density, aeration, incubation temperature, and pH of the medium on the mass loss were investigated and conditions optimized. The test allowed to obtain reproducible results on the mass loss of plastic samples in less than 3 weeks and yielded excellent partially degraded samples for further analysis. 相似文献
133.
Bernard Guyot Anne Bazin Yvette Sole Christophe Julien Fernand Daffos François Forestier 《黑龙江环境通报》1988,8(7):485-493
We have used a Y-chromosome specific DNA probe in a controlled study to determine the presence of Y-chromosome material and to detect numerical abnormalities in uncultured amniotic fluid cells by fluorescent hybridization. Using this non-radioactive method, we correctly predicted fetal sex within 48 h in all but 3 of 54 cases and identified an XYY syndrome. The technique was previously tested with no false-positive or false-negative results on cultured interphase or metaphase nuclei of fetal fibroblasts and adult T-lymphocytes. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was applied to long-term fixed cytogenetic preparations up to 44 months old and was shown to be reliable. 相似文献
134.
Roman?Martin?WittigEmail author Christophe?Boesch 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2003,54(5):491-504
>We examined the "decision-making" process of aggressive interactions within a community of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in the Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire (West Africa). Costs and benefits were investigated for 876 dyadic aggressive interactions among 18 adults (including 4 independent adolescents) of either sex. An extended version of the Relational Model was developed to describe the dynamics of the "decision-making" process in Taï chimpanzees, which suggests that the net benefit determines the occurrence of conflicts. Both sexes fought more frequently for the resources that were most important to them, food for females and social contexts for males. Individuals used two different strategies according to their likelihood of winning the aggressive interaction, determined by the dominance relationship of the conflict partners. Dominant initiators had longer and more intense aggressive interactions, but they limited their social disadvantages by fighting non-cooperative partners. Subordinate initiators had shorter and less intense aggressive interactions, but risked more social costs, which they could reduce afterwards by reconciliation. Both strategies included a positive overall net benefit. The extended Relational Model fits the complexity of wild chimpanzee conflicts and allows for more flexibility in the "decision-making" compared to the original version.Communicated by E. Sterck 相似文献
135.
136.
Hong S Barbante C Boutron C Gabrielli P Gaspari V Cescon P Thompson L Ferrari C Francou B Maurice-Bourgoin L 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2004,6(4):322-326
V, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Ag, Cd, Ba, Pb, Bi and U have been analysed by inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry in various sections of a dated snow/ice core drilled at an altitude of 6542 m on the Sajama ice cap in Bolivia. The analysed sections were dated from the Last Glacial Stage ( approximately 22,000 years ago), the Mid-Holocene and the last centuries. The observed variations of crustal enrichment factors (EFc) for the various metals show contrasting situations. For V, Co, Rb, Sr and U, EFc values close to unity are observed for all sections, then showing that these elements are mainly derived from rock and soil dust. For the other metals, clear time trends are observed, with a pronounced increase of EFc values during the 19th and 20th centuries. This increase shows evidence of metal pollution associated with human activity in South America. For Pb an important contribution was from gasoline additives. For metals such as Cu, Zn, Ag and Cd an important contribution was from metal production activities, with a continuous increase of production during the 20th century in countries such as Peru, Chile and Bolivia. 相似文献
137.
Atmospheric deposition of metallic pollutants over the Ligurian Sea: labile and residual inputs 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Atmospheric fluxes of six trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) with Al as a crustal reference were measured at Cap Ferrat (French Riviera) between February 1997 and July 1998. An original sampling protocol enabled the separation of labile (seawater at pH 2) and residual fractions in the total atmospheric input. Median acid-labile fractions were 91%, 69%, 83%, 84%, 97% and 98% of the total for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, respectively. Under the conditions used, lability of individual metals is related to the anthropogenic component of the samples. Enrichment factors and anthropogenic fraction are estimated for each metal. Some interannual changes are investigated (Pb, Zn). The observed increase of Zn inputs may be linked to local input from the Nice district waste plant (commissioned in 1988), 6.5 km away. 相似文献
138.
Surface waters in Scotland, notably from upland catchment areas, are commonly enriched in iron and organic acids. This study
investigated the impact of these species on the direct potentiometric determination of fluoride using a fluoride-selective
electrode. As the electrode technique is commonly used to monitor the fluoride content of potable waters, it is important
that these effects are evaluated if such waters are to be fluoridated.
The determination method used was that defined by Nicholson (1983) and Nicholson and Duff (1981) to minimise errors. This
employs the TISAB III-TAC buffer system with the following composition (in 1L): 58.0 g sodium chloride, 57.0 mL glacial acetic
acid, 4.0 g CDTA, 243.0 g tri-ammonium citrate adjusted to pH 5.4 with 10 M sodium hydroxide. Experimental solutions of fluoride
with organic acid or iron were prepared, and the effect on fluoride concentration determined for each combination. Concentrations
used: fluoride: 0.1, 1.0 mg L−1; humic acid: 5, 10, 100, 1000, 10,000 mg L−1; oxalic acid: 5, 10, 100, 1000, 10,000 mg L−1; iron(III): 1, 10, 100, 500 mg L−1;
Humic acid (HA) concentrations had no impact on the determination of fluoride at the 1.0 mg L−1 level. However, with 0.1 mg L−1; F−, an increase in the apparent fluoride concentration was observed when HA > 1,000 mg L−1; this increased with increasing HA content to a maximum of ∼600%. Oxalic acid (OA) generally had no impact on the fluoride
determinations at the 1.0 mg L−1; level, but at an OA concentration of 10,000 mg L−1; fluoride concentrations were reduced by ∼50%. At 0.1 mg L−1 F−, increasing OA concentrations produce a steady increase in the fluoride concentration of up to 200% with 1,000 mg L−1; OA, greater OA contents produce a fall in the fluoride content. Iron had no effect on the fluoride determinations at both
the 0.1 and 1.0 mg L−1 levels.
The causes of the apparent increases in fluoride concentration have not been determined, although fluoride contamination by
the reagents has been ruled-out. However, the results demonstrate that the defined method and buffer system is suitable for
the determination of fluoride in the presence of iron and organic acids at naturally occurring levels, and that fluoride will
not be masked from detection. 相似文献
139.
Abstact While male mammals seek to maximize access to potential mates, females maximize feeding efficiency. Ranging patterns are therefore often sex specific. Sex-specific ranging patterns have also been reported for East African chimpanzees and a recent study on female ranging patterns concludes that social organization is best described by a male-bonded community model, where females occupy individual home ranges that are distributed within the boundaries of the male-defended range. In West African chimpanzees, however, such sex-specific ranging patterns have not been consistently observed and a bisexually bonded community model, where both sexes use the entire home range equally, has been suggested to best describe social organization. In this study we analyze 5 years of data on individual ranging patterns of chimpanzees in the Taï National Park (Côte dIvoire) to test specific predictions of the different models of chimpanzee social organization. We found that although males in Taï had slightly larger home ranges than females, all individual home ranges and core areas overlapped highly. Small individual home range size differences were entirely due to the use of peripheral areas and were correlated with female social dominance. These findings strongly support the bisexually bonded community model for Taï chimpanzees. Thus, we conclude that there are fundamental differences in the space-use patterns of East and West African chimpanzees and discuss possible factors leading to such differences.Communicated by D. Watts 相似文献
140.
Magali?Combes David?Pinaud Christophe?Barbraud Jacques?Trotignon Fran?ois?BrischouxEmail author 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2018,105(1-2):5
Severe population declines of amphibians have been shown to be attributed to climate change. Nevertheless, the various mechanisms through which climate can influence population dynamics of amphibians remain to be assessed, notably to disentangle the relative synergetic or antagonistic influences of temperature and precipitations on specific life history stages. We investigated the impact of rainfall and temperature on the egg-clutch abundance in a population of agile frog (Rana dalmatina) during 29 years (1987–2016) on 14 breeding sites located in Brenne Natural Park, France. Specifically, we examined the influence of environmental conditions occurring during five temporal windows of the year cycle corresponding to specific life history stages. Overall, our results suggest that the year-to-year fluctuations of egg-clutch abundances in Brenne Natural Park were partly dependent on local climatic conditions (rainfall and temperature). Climate seemed to influence breeding frogs during the autumn-winter period preceding reproduction. Spring and summer conditions did not influence reproduction. Additionally, we failed to detect effects of climatic conditions on newly metamorphosed individuals. Other factors such as density dependence and inter-specific interactions with introduced predators are likely to play a significant role in reproduction dynamics of the studied frog populations. 相似文献