Highly catalytic activity of Mn/SBA-15 catalysts for toluene combustion improved by adjusting the morphology of supports

Rod-like, hexagonal and fiber-like SBA-15 mesoporous silicas were synthesized to support MnO_x for toluene oxidation. This study showed that the morphology of the supports greatly influenced the catalytic activity in toluene oxidation. MnO_x supported on rod-like SBA-15(R-SBA-15) displayed the best catalytic activity and the conversion at 230°C reached more than 90%, which was higher than the other two catalysts. MnO_x species consisted of coexisting MnO_2 and Mn_2O_3 on the three kinds of SBA-15 samples. Large amounts of Mn_2O_3 species were formed on the surface and high oxygen mobility was obtained on MnO_x supported on R-SBA-15, according to the H_2 temperature programmed reduction(H_2-TPR)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) results. The Mn/R-SBA-15 catalyst with greater amounts of Mn_2O_3 species possessed a large amount of surface lattice oxygen, which accelerated the catalytic reaction rate. Therefore, the surface lattice oxygen and high oxygen mobility were critical factors on the catalytic activity of the Mn/R-SBA-15 catalyst.     

2015年秋季长江口有机碳的分布特征及其影响因素

依据2015年11月对长江口及其邻近海域的综合调查,分析了秋季长江口颗粒有机碳（POC）和溶解有机碳（DOC）的分布特征及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明:2015年秋季长江口POC的质量浓度为0.65~8.25 mg/L,均值为1.34 mg/L,整体呈现近岸高、远岸低,表层低、底层高的分布趋势;DOC的质量浓度为0.77~2.69 mg/L,均值为1.49 mg/L,整体表现为近岸高、远岸低,表层高、底层低的变化特征。有机碳与总悬浮颗粒物（TSM）的线性回归关系表明,陆源输入对POC含量分布贡献很大;有机碳和盐度（S）的极显著相关性说明,S对有机碳的影响主要体现在海水对有机碳的稀释作用及促进POC向DOC转化两个方面;DOC与COD的显著相关性,揭示了DOC的来源与长江径流和河口沿岸工农业排污输入密切相关。     

Investigating the bacterial community and amoebae population in rural domestic wastewater reclamation for irrigation

Reclamation of domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation is viewed as a sustainable option to create an alternative water source and address water scarcity. Free-living amoebae(FLA), which are amphizoic protozoa, are widely distributed in various environmental sources. The FLA could cause considerable environmental and health risks. However, little information is available on the risk of these protozoa. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility using rural domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation, and analyzed dynamic changes of the microbial community structure and FLA populations in raw and treated wastewater, as well as the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of lettuce production sites that were irrigated with different water sources. The bacterial community dynamics were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism(T-RFLP). The bacterial community structures in the influent were similar to that in the effluent, while in some cases relative abundances varied significantly. The populations of Acanthamoeba spp. and Hartmannella vermiformis in the anaerobically treated wastewater were significantly higher than in the raw wastewater. The vegetables could harbor diverse amoebae, and the abundances of Acanthamoeba spp. and H. vermiformis in the rhizosphere were significantly higher than in the phyllosphere. Accordingly, our studies show insight into the distribution and dissemination of amoebae in wastewater treatment and irrigation practices.     

户外长距离运动中雾霾影响的指标分析研究

居民在雾霾天气进行户外长距离运动会使心肺功能受到影响,对户外长距离运动中雾霾影响的指标进行分析,从人数、心情和健康三个角度研究,研究方法为调查对比法,通过分析在雾霾天气下和正常天气下运动员的不同表现,验证雾霾对户外长距离运动的影响。研究结果表明,雾霾天气会打消居民进行户外长距离运动的积极性,减少运动人数,同时使人们感到抑郁烦闷,心情低落。长时间在雾霾天气下运动心肺功能也会受到影响,调查结果具有统计学意义。     

非洲鲫鱼Tilapia mossambica(Peters)对汞积累的实验研究

海洋鱼类对汞积累的研究报道,尚不多见.许多学者认为主要是海洋鱼类在室内较长期培养有一定的困难.我们采用在海水中培养的非洲鲫鱼作为实验材料,进行了汞积累的研究. 材料和方法 非洲鲫鱼是一种热带、广盐性鱼类,是水产养殖的优良品种.我们采用平均体长约5cm、9cm,平均体重约3g、10g两种.将鱼苗运回实验室,经过一周的驯化完全过渡到海水中,再驯化两周,然后选择健康的个体进行实验。     

四川省高速公路网规划调整方案生态敏感性分析

公路网的规划实施会占用大片土地,消耗大量的资源,对整个规划区域的生态环境造成不可忽视的影响。生态环境影响评价是公路网规划环境影响评价的主体内容之一,是生态环评的重点。本文在充分分析了四川省高速公路网规划调整方案的特点之后,有针对性的提出生态敏感性的评价方法。通过对路网中各个路段的生态敏感性指数的计算,定量的分析不同路段对生态环境的影响程度。为相关部门对公路网的规划提供决策依据。     

液氯泄露环境风险评价

文章以如东易昌化工有限公司为例,按照《建设项目环境风险评价导则》的要求,在对液氯的理化性质及危险性识别的基础上,分别进行了风险识别、伴生/次生危险性分析、源项分析等工作,确定了此次风险评价采用的相关标准,采用导则推荐的多烟团模式进行了事故发生后液氯泄露的环境风险预测和评价,得出了不利气象条件下的事故风险影响范围,求得了最大风险值,并从氯气瓶库及供氯站设置、生产过程等方面提出了相关的风险管理措施。     

光合细菌与酵母跨界融合(杂合)子发酵味精废水研究

光合细菌球形红假单胞菌（Ｒｈｏｄｏｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐｈａｅｒｏｉｄｅｓ）酿酒酵母（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｃｅｒｅｖｉｓｉａｅ）细胞分别经溶菌酶和蜗牛酶脱壁形成原生质体，在聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）和Ｃａ＾２＋诱导下实现了真核与原核细胞的超远缘杂交，经抗菌素培养基初步鉴定，融合产物能同时在含有链霉素和制霉菌素的培养基中生长，而双亲细胞只能在含有单一抗菌素的培养基中生长，经初筛与得获得高絮弟性     

Elemental sulfur effects on Pb and Zn uptake by Indian mustard and winter wheat

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of elemental sulfur to contaminated soil on plant uptake by a heavy metal hyperaccumulator, Indian mustard( Brassica juncea ) and a field crop, winter wheat( Triticum. aestivum). Elemental sulfur(S) with different rates was carried out, they were 0(S0 ), 20(S20 ), 40(S40 ), 80(S80 ), and 160(S160 ) mmol/kg respectively. Extra pots with the same rates of S but without plants were used for soil sampling to monitor pH and CaCl2-extractable heavy metal changes. The results showed that S enhanced phytoextraction of Pb and Zn from contaminated soil. Application S effectively decreased soil pH down to 1.1 as the most at the rate of Sl60. The concentrations of CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn in soil and uptake of Pb and Zn by the plants were increased with soil pH decreased. A good correlation between CaCl2-extractable Pb/Zn and soil pH was found( Rpb^2 = 0.847 and RZn^2 = 0,991, n = 25). With S application, soil CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn concentrations, concentration of Pb and Zn in plants and the amount of removal by plant uptake were significanfly higher than those without S. Under the treatment of S160, the highest CaCl2-extmctable Pb and Zn were observed, they were 4.23 mg/kg and 0.40 mg/kg, 2.7 and 2.0 times as that of the control(So ) respectively. At the highest rates of S( Sl~0 ), both Indian mustard and winter wheat reached the highest uptake of Pb and Zn. The highest Pb concentrations in wheat and Indian mustard were 32.8 mg/kg and 537.0 mg/kg, all 1.8 times as that of the control, and the highest Zn concentrations in wheat and Indian mustard were 215.5 mg/kg and 404.0 mg/kg, 2.4 and 2.0 times as that of the control respectively. The highest removals of Pb and Zn from the contaminated soil were 0.41 rag/pot and 0.31 nag/pot by Indian mustard in the treatment of S160 through 50 days growth.     

镉对作物种子萌发、幼苗生长及氧化酶同工酶的影响

本文研究了镉对四种作物的某些影响.玉米和西葫幼苗生长受镉抑制明显,根内POD同工酶谱带比对照减少.旱萝卜幼苗生长虽也受抑,但根内POD没有变化.沙窝青萝卜和西葫幼苗根内COD同工酶谱带也比对照减少,这似乎也与镉害有关.