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41.
A previously developed model for the physical disintegration of flushable consumer products is expanded by investigating the effects of turbulence on the rate of physical disintegration. Disintegration experiments were conducted with cardboard tampon applicators at 100, 150, and 200 rotations per minute, corresponding to Reynold's numbers of 25,900, 39,400, and 52,900, respectively, which were estimated by using computational fluid dynamics modeling. The experiments were simulated with the disintegration model to obtain best-fit values of the kinetic and distribution parameters. Computed rate coefficients (ki) for all solid sizes (i.e., greater than 8, 4 to 8, 2 to 4, and 1 to 2 mm) increased strongly with Reynold's number or rotational speed. Thus, turbulence strongly affected the disintegration rate of flushable products, and the relationship of the ki values to Reynold's number can be included in mathematical representations of physical disintegration. 相似文献
42.
The ability of firefighting vehicles and staff to reach a fire area as quickly as possible is critical in fighting against
forest fires. In this study, a Geographical Information System-based decision support system was developed to assist fire
managers in determining the fastest and the safest or more reliable access routes from firefighting headquarters to fire areas.
The decision support system was tested in the Kahramanmaras Forestry Regional Directoratein the Mediterranean region of Turkey.
The study area consisted of forested lands which had been classified according to fire sensitivity. The fire response routing
simulations considered firefighting teams located in 20 firefighting headquarter locations. The road network, the locations
of the firefighting headquarters, and possible fire locations were mapped for simulation analysis. In alternative application
simulations, inaccessible roads which might be closed due to fire or other reasons were indicated in the network analysis
so that the optimum route was not only the fastest but also the safest and most reliable path. The selection of which firefighting
headquarters to use was evaluated by considering critical response time to potential fire areas based on fire sensitivity
levels. Results indicated that new firefighting headquarters should be established in the region in order to provide sufficient
firefighting response to all forested lands. In addition, building new fire access roads and increasing the design speed on
current roads could also increase firefighting response capabilities within the study area. 相似文献
43.
Selection of MSW landfill site for Konya, Turkey using GIS and multi-criteria evaluation 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Bilgehan Nas Tayfun Cay Fatih Iscan Ali Berktay 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,160(1-4):491-500
Landfill is a common solution for the final disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Turkey. Landfill siting is an extremely difficult task to accomplish because the site selection process depends on different factors and regulations. To ensure that an appropriate site is chosen, a systematic process should be developed and followed. Unsuccessful landfill siting is typically the result of strong public opposition. In this study, candidate sites for an appropriate landfill area in Cumra County of Konya City are determined by using the integration of geographic information systems (GIS) and multi-criteria evaluation (MCE). ArcGIS 9.0 software and its extensions were used as the GIS tool since it is able to perform suitability analysis using MCE analysis. To identify appropriate landfill areas in the Cumra district, eight input map layers including proximity to municipal and local wells and irrigational canals, distance from transportation routes and rails, distance from archaeological sites, distance from urban areas, land use/land cover, and land slope are used in constraint mapping. A final map was generated which identifies regions showing suitability for the location of the landfill site. According to the map, 6.8% of the study area is most suitable, 15.7% is suitable, 10.4% is moderately suitable, 25.8% is poorly suitable, and 41.3% is unsuitable. At the end of the analyses, three candidate sites are determined. The selection of the final MSW landfill site, however, requires further field research. 相似文献
44.
Kuzu Müslüm Kandemir Fatih Mehmet Yıldırım Serkan Çağlayan Cüneyt Küçükler Sefa 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(9):10818-10831
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the scope of the study, the protective effect of hesperidin (HES), a flavanone glycoside, was investigated against sodium arsenite (NaAsO2, SA)... 相似文献
45.
Fatih Evrendilek Haluk Denizli Hakan Yetis Nusret Karakaya 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(7):5577-5583
Concentrations of outdoor radon-222 (222Rn) in temperate grazed peatland and deciduous forest in northwestern Turkey were measured, compared, and modeled using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and multiple nonlinear regression (MNLR) models. The best-performing multilayer perceptron model selected out of 28 ANNs considerably enhanced accuracy metrics in emulating 222Rn concentrations relative to the MNLR model. The two ecosystems had similar diel patterns with the lowest 222Rn concentrations in the afternoon and the highest ones near dawn. Mean level (5.1?+?2.5 Bq?m?3 h?1) of 222Rn in the forest was three times smaller than that (15.8?+?9.7 Bq?m?3) of 222Rn in the peatland. Mean 222Rn level had negative and positive relationships with air temperature and relative humidity, respectively. 相似文献
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47.
Fidan AF Ciğerci IH Konuk M Küçükkurt I Aslan R Dündar Y 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,147(1-3):35-41
In this study, the levels of some heavy metals (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in muscle, gill, and liver of Carassius carassius and in the water samples from Eber Lake (Afyonkarahisar, Turkey) have been investigated. Additionally, one of the lipid peroxidation markers, malondialdehide (MDA) and glutathion (GSH) levels were investigated. All the metal analysis was performed by using ICP-AES. According to results obtained, it was observed that heavy metals were accummulated in liver in the highest degree and lowest one in the muscle tissues. MDA and GSH levels varied in the seasons but their winter levels were found to be statistically meaningful when compared with other seasons. The obtained data of metals from the study were compared with the acceptable levels of Turkish governmental regulation and they were found not to be harmful for human health. On the other hand, it was suggested that oxidative stress markers should be checked regularly in order to get important data for continuous life of aquatic organisms. 相似文献
48.
Berkant Odemis Mustafa Kemal Sangun Fatih Evrendilek 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,170(1-4):475-490
The Euphrates and Tigris watersheds originating from Turkey and passing through Syria and Iraq are one of the most important transboundary watersheds in the Middle East. Long-term data (1971 to 2002) from 14 stations over the Euphrates river and seven stations over the Tigris river were analyzed and compared using the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Kendall trend tests, and box-and-whisker plots. The upper Euphrates river had significantly lower values of flow rate (FR), water temperature (WT), electrical conductivity (EC), Cl, and SO4 than did the lower Euphrates river. The middle Euphrates river had significantly higher Na, K, HCO3, Cl, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and boron (B) and lower EC and SO4 than the lower Euphrates river. The upper west Tigris river had higher EC, Ca + Mg, and SO4 and lower FR, Na, and SAR than the lower Tigris river. The upper east Tigris river had higher HCO3 and B and lower FR and WT than the lower Tigris river. 相似文献
49.
Ilker Sel Mehmet Çakmakcı Bestamin Özkaya Fatih Güreli 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(4):1479-1487
The main objective of this study was to determine whether methane potential of waste could be estimated more easily by a limited number of waste characterization variables. 36 samples were collected from 12 locations and 3 waste depths in order to represent almost all waste ages at the landfill. Actual remaining methane potential of all samples was determined by the biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests. The cumulative methane production of closed landfill (cLF) samples reached 75–125 mL at the end of experiment duration, while the samples from active landfill (aLF) produced in average 216–266 mL methane. The average experimental k and L 0 values of cLF and aLF were determined by non-linear regression using BMP data with first-order kinetic equation as 0.0269 day?1–30.38 mL/g dry MSW and 0.0125 day?1–102.1 mL/g dry MSW, respectively. The principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to analyze the results for cLF and aLF along with BMP results. Three PCs for the data set were extracted explaining 72.34 % variability. The best MLR model for BMP prediction was determined for seven variables (pH–Cl–TKN–NH4–TOC–LOI–Ca). R 2 and Adj. R 2 values of this best model were determined as 80.4 and 75.3 %, respectively. 相似文献
50.