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61.
62.
To examine water circulation patterns of coastal water, 72 seaweed (Sargasso) samples and 27 coastal water samples were collected from coastal areas of the Noto Peninsula, Japan, during the period from December 1998 to June 2002. The (228)Ra and (226)Ra activities of those samples were measured by low-background gamma-ray spectrometry. There was a wide range of activities of (228)Ra (0.5-2Bq/kg-fresh) and (226)Ra (0.5-1.2Bq/kg-fresh) in the Sargasso samples. The (228)Ra/(226)Ra activity ratio of Sargasso samples exhibited seasonal variation with minimum values in June ((228)Ra/(226)Ra= approximately 1) and maximum values in December (1.5-2.5), which was mainly governed by changes in (228)Ra activity. It is also notable that the seasonal variation of the (228)Ra/(226)Ra ratio of Sargasso is in approximate agreement with that of the ambient coastal water. Sargasso samples appear to have retained the (228)Ra/(226)Ra ratio of the ambient coastal waters, and the temporal variations in that ratio provide insight into seasonal changes in water circulation in the Noto Peninsula coastal area. 相似文献
63.
64.
Jun Shishido Keiko Yoshii Yoshihiro Takubo Yoshiaki Okamoto Takeshi Yamamoto Yoshiko Kato Tsutomu Nishihara Masaomi Kondo 《Chemosphere》1984,13(2):339-349
An automated survey system on the chemicals in environments by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-computer system has been constructed of Three Dimensional Mass Chromatography, Modified Probability Based Matching method, and Self Training Interpretive and Retrieval method. And it was applied to analyze environmental materials, with interesting results. 相似文献
65.
Mayuko Hosokawa Hideo Asakawa Takaya Kaido Chiemi Sugaya Kazuyoshi Itai 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(10):2072-2084
To evaluate the effects of fluoride on the kidney and the liver of ICR-derived glomerulonephritis (ICGN) mice by using laboratory tests and pathological examinations, fluoride was administered to the ICGN mice at 0, 25, 50, 100, and 150?ppm in drinking water for 4 weeks and to the ICR mice, which have normal kidney function at 0 and 150?ppm. The BUN, creatinine, GOT, and GPT in the serum of each mouse were determined. When a mouse died, the sample from the day closest to the death was assigned for the mean. Pathological changes in the kidney were examined after PAS (periodic acid-Schiff) staining. All of the ICGN mice in the 150?ppm group and one of seven in the 100?ppm group died before the end of week 4, but no ICR mice died. For ICGN mice, the mean value of body weight in the 150?ppm group was significantly lower than those in 0?ppm group and other fluoride-administered groups. The mean values of relative liver and kidney weights in the 100 and 150?ppm groups were significantly lower than those in the control. The mean values of BUN, creatinine, and GPT in the 150?ppm group were significantly higher than those in the control. The thickness of the glomerular capillary wall and the increased mesangial matrix in the kidney were prominent in the fluoride-administered ICGN mice. These results suggested that fluoride severely exacerbated glomerulonephritis and tublar-intestitial changes in ICGN mice. 相似文献
66.
The analytical results of 53 manure samples determined by wet digestion and dry ashing procedures were compared in order to evaluate their relative suitability for recovering different nutrient elements in manure and manure compost. Wet digestion recovered greater amounts of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in more samples than dry ashing. Nutrient contents in the samples were highly variable, with coefficients of variation (CV) ranging from 38% for magnesium (Mg) to 161% for copper (Cu) analyzed by the wet digestion procedure, and from 47% to 138% for Mg and Cu analyzed by the dry ashing procedure. The mean values of P, K, Ca, Mn, and Zn averaged for the 53 samples were significantly higher using wet digestion than dry ashing procedure, but both procedures recovered comparable amounts of iorn (Fe), Mg, and Cu. Correlations analysis between both procedures for each element showed reasonable to fair agreements for Ca (R 2?=?0.93), K (R 2?=?0.93), P (R 2?=?0.90), Mg (R 2?=?0.84), Fe (R 2?=?0.87), Mn (R 2?=?0.73), and Cu (R 2?=?0.66), but poor agreement for Zn (R 2?=?0.44). The low agreement between procedures for Zn suggests that wet digestion, which gave a higher recovery, should be a preferred procedure for analyzing Zn in manures. 相似文献
67.
Estimation of municipal solid waste generation and landfill area in Asian developing countries 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Khajuria A Yamamoto Y Morioka T 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2010,31(5):649-654
In developing Asian countries, the municipal cooperations are unable to handle the increasing amount of municipal solid waste, which into the uncollected waste being spread on roads and in other public areas leading to tremendous pollution and destruction of land and negative impact on human health. Generation of municipal solid waste increases with the rapid urbanization and accelerated economic development with in the rapidly growing advanced technological societies. The nature of municipal solid waste is a term usually applied to a heterogeneous collection group of waste produced in urban areas, the nature of which varies from region to region. The common problem faced by all developing Asian countries, is the disposal of municipal solid waste and availability of land fill site area. Present study explains the correlation analysis of among different factors of municipal solid waste and the objective is to assess the future municipal solid waste stream in Asian developing countries. The other goal of this study was to calculate the future land area that would be required for landfill site disposal in Asian developing countries. 相似文献
68.
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), a large subgroup of the TGF- family of secreted growth factors, control fundamental events in early embryonic development, organogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis. The plethora of dose-dependent cellular processes regulated by BMP signalling demand a tight regulation of BMP activity. Over the last decade, a number of proteins have been identified that bind BMPs in the extracellular space and regulate the interaction of BMPs with their cognate receptors, including the secreted BMP antagonist Chordin. In the early vertebrate embryo, the localized secretion of BMP antagonists from the dorsal blastopore lip establishes a functional BMP signalling gradient that is required for the determination of the dorsoventral – or back to belly – body axis. In particular, inhibition of BMP activity is essential for the formation of neural tissue in the development of vertebrate and invertebrate embryos. Here we review recent studies that have provided new insight into the regulation of BMP signalling in the extracellular space. In particular, we discuss the recently identified Twisted gastrulation protein that modulates, in concert with metalloproteinases of the Tolloid family, the interaction of Chordin with BMP and a family of proteins that share structural similarities with Chordin in the respective BMP binding domains. In addition, genetic and functional studies in zebrafish and frog provide compelling evidence that the secreted protein Sizzled functionally interacts with the Chd–BMP pathway, despite being expressed ventrally in the early gastrula-stage embryo. These intriguing discoveries may have important implications, not only for our current concept of early embryonic patterning, but also for the regulation of BMP activity at later developmental stages and tissue homeostasis in the adult. 相似文献
69.
Yasukatsu Maeda Atsuyoshi Nakayama Norioki Kawasaki Kazuko Hayashi Seiichi Aiba Noboru Yamamoto 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1996,4(4):225-233
Chain-extension reactions were carried out using titanium-iso-propoxide (TIP) as a catalyst for a series of polyesters or copolyesterethers with low molecular weights (M
n
=1500–10,000) synthesized by the ring-opening copolymerization of succinic anhydride (SA) with ethylene oxide (EO). The copolymers having aM
n
from 25,000 to 50,000 of different properties were obtained. Both the melting point (T
m
) and the fusion heat (H), which indicate the crystallinity of the copolymers, rose with an increase in SA content in the copolymers. Semitransparent films were prepared by compression molding of the copolymers. The biodegradation of the copolymer films was evaluated by enzymatic hydrolysis by lipases and by an aerobic gas evolution test in standard activated sludge. The hydrolyzability of these copolymers by three kinds of lipases was affected by their copolymer composition SA/EO, form, andM
n
. The copolyesterether (SA/EO=43/57,M
n
=48,900) was more easily biodegraded by standard activated sludge compared to the polyester (SA/EO=47/53,M
n
=36,300).Presented at the Pacifichem-95, December 17–22, 1995, Honolulu, Hawaii. 相似文献
70.
Aqueous phenol solutions containing TiO(2) nanoparticles were irradiated with ultraviolet (UV), gamma-ray and electron beams. Organic compounds were fully removed by each type of radiation in the presence of the particles. The absorbed energy of the ionizing radiation (gamma-ray and electron beams) needed for removal was much lower than that of UV photocatalysis. Phenol was decomposed by the ionizing radiation in the absence of the nanoparticles and the addition of TiO(2) had no significant effect on phenol decomposition rate. Instead, total organic carbon (TOC) removal using the ionizing radiation was accelerated drastically by TiO(2). It is suggested that TiO(2) particles affect the intermediate compounds produced through the decomposition of phenol. The amount of removed TOC per absorbed energy were compared in the absence and the presence of TiO(2) nanoparticles. Radiolysis with the nanoparticles showed consistently high rate and high efficiency of TOC removal. 相似文献