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31.
Elena Cantarello Claude E. Steck Paolo Fontana Diego Fontaneto Lorenzo Marini Marco Pautasso 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(3):265-271
Recent large-scale studies have shown that biodiversity-rich regions also tend to be densely populated areas. The most obvious
explanation is that biodiversity and human beings tend to match the distribution of energy availability, environmental stability
and/or habitat heterogeneity. However, the species–people correlation can also be an artefact, as more populated regions could
show more species because of a more thorough sampling. Few studies have tested this sampling bias hypothesis. Using a newly
collated dataset, we studied whether Orthoptera species richness is related to human population size in Italy’s regions (average
area 15,000 km2) and provinces (2,900 km2). As expected, the observed number of species increases significantly with increasing human population size for both grain
sizes, although the proportion of variance explained is minimal at the provincial level. However, variations in observed Orthoptera
species richness are primarily associated with the available number of records, which is in turn well correlated with human
population size (at least at the regional level). Estimated Orthoptera species richness (Chao2 and Jackknife) also increases
with human population size both for regions and provinces. Both for regions and provinces, this increase is not significant
when controlling for variation in area and number of records. Our study confirms the hypothesis that broad-scale human population–biodiversity
correlations can in some cases be artefactual. More systematic sampling of less studied taxa such as invertebrates is necessary
to ascertain whether biogeographical patterns persist when sampling effort is kept constant or included in models. 相似文献
32.
Isabel-María García-Sánchez José-Manuel Prado Lorenzo 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2009,17(11):1039-1051
The process of raising public awareness around the world concerning the need to apply criteria of sustainable development was basically set in motion at the Rio de Janeiro Summit in 1992. There it was decided that the most suitable context for fostering the process is the local level, and the Local Action Plan forms a basic element in this process.Some preliminary studies have shown the evidence of great advancement in the creation of Local Action Plans in municipalities. However, their execution is frequently paralyzed by a lack of necessary resources and suitable State policies.The aim of this paper is to verify the effect that different factors might have on the degree of progress made by the Local Action Plan in the municipalities of the European Union.The results show that the public works policies of the EU and the governments of the member states fail to impact the level of commitment of municipal governments; however, when the supporting policy originates from administrations closer to the municipality and are made concrete in the form of economic support and technical advice, they prove to be relevant. Strictly political factors, such as stability, have a more limited yet significant effect on the execution of Local Action Plans. 相似文献
33.
Juan José Cabello Eras Dayli Covas Varela Gilberto D. Hernández Pérez Alexis Sagastume Gutiérrez Dunia García Lorenzo Carlo Vandecasteele Luc Hens 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2014,16(1):195-215
The urban quality of life (UQoL) from objective dimension was analyzed in the main Cuban cities. An Urban Quality of Life Index (UQoLI) was developed in collaboration with 60 experts (five in each city). These experts belong to one of two categories: in charge of the planning of the city and members of the Municipal Council of Administration. One hundred and forty-two directors of the Local District Administration also participated in the analysis. The UQoLI includes three dimensions: social services, economic performance, and urban services, the importance of which is weighed according to expert criteria. A Ranking of the studied cities, sorted by the UQoLI, shows a tendency of increase it UQoL in the west even and central regions. This tendency contradicts one of the foundations of the Cuban sustainable development framework, i.e., equity. 相似文献
34.
Antonio Telesca Milena Marroccoli Daniela Calabrese Gian Lorenzo Valenti Fabio Montagnaro 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(3):628-633
The manufacture of prefabricated building materials containing binding products such as ettringite (6CaO·Al2O3·3SO3·32H2O) and calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) can give, in addition to other well-defined industrial activities, the opportunity of using wastes and by-products as raw materials, thus contributing to further saving of natural resources and protection of the environment.Two ternary mixtures, composed by 40% flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum or natural gypsum (as a reference material), 35% calcium hydroxide and 25% coal fly ash, were submitted to laboratory hydrothermal treatments carried out within time and temperature ranges of 2 h–7 days and 55–85 °C, respectively. The formation of (i) ettringite, by hydration of calcium sulfate given by FGD or natural gypsum, alumina of fly ash and part of calcium hydroxide, and (ii) CSH, by hydration of silica contained in fly ash and residual lime, was observed within both the reacting systems. For the FGD gypsum-based mixture, the conversion toward ettringite and CSH was highest at 70 °C and increased with curing time. Some discrepancies in the hydration behavior between the mixtures were ascribed to differences in mineralogical composition between natural and FGD gypsum. 相似文献
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36.
Duquesne S Newton LC Giusti L Marriott SB Stärk HJ Bird DJ 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,143(2):187-196
Levels of heavy-metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) in suspended particulate and in surface and subsurface sediments were determined at seven locations in the Severn Estuary and Bristol Channel. Sediment metal concentrations were highest at sites close to industrial centres but levels have decreased significantly over the last 30 years so that they are now close to, or meet, environmental quality guidelines. The greatest metal concentrations in deposited sediments were usually associated with the finest particulates at locations with muddy sediments, but this was not always true at sites with predominantly sandy sediments. The metals bound to suspended particulates at all sites were remarkably consistent, presumably reflecting the mixing capacity of this macro-tidal estuary. The re-exposure of older, more contaminated sediments could explain the observed differences between deposited and suspended material. Sediment redistribution due to strong seasonal currents might also explain the differences between winter and summer samples. 相似文献
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40.
Lorenzo Orioli 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2016,29(6):931-943
This article explores certain aspects related to the environmental ethical message in the Encyclical Letter Laudato si, written in 2015 by Pope Francis, leader of the Catholic Church, and compares them to recent Green party political movements in Italy. Italy offers a unique case study in that the religious background of the country acts as an independent variable with respect to the social acceptance of current environmental issues. The ethical message in Laudato sì is compared to recent debates on the moral responsibility of the individual and/or institution towards environmental problems; a range of responsibilities assumed by institutions versus individuals with regards to environmental problems are analyzed. In conclusion, parallels are made between the abovementioned ethical debate and the ethical contents of the Encyclical Letter. 相似文献