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191.
Tsutomu Aoshima Mitsuharu Kajita Yoshitaka Sekido Shunji Mimura Atsuo Itakura Izumi Yasuda Takeyori Saheki Kazuyoshi Watanabe Kaoru Shimokata Toshimitsu Niwa 《黑龙江环境通报》2001,21(8):634-637
We report a Japanese boy who died at Day 28 of life because of severe carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS1) deficiency that was proven by enzyme assay. By analysis of cDNA and genomic DNA, he was shown to be a compound heterozygote with two point mutations of the CPS1 gene, 840G>C leading to an aberrant splicing and 1123C>T (predicting Q375X). The 840G>C was a mutation described in another Japanese family. Since his parents carried each mutation heterozygously, we performed prenatal diagnosis at 16 weeks of his mother's next gestation by multiplex PCR and melting curve analysis in a single capillary containing two-color fluorescent (LC-Red 640 and LC-Red 705) probes on LightCycler. We analyzed genomic DNA extracted from amniotic cells and found that the fetus was homozygous for the wild-type alleles. At term a healthy girl was born without hyperammonemia. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
192.
193.
Watanabe I Ichihashi H Tanabe S Amano M Miyazaki N Petrov EA Tatsukawa R 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1996,94(2):169-179
Trace element concentrations (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Co and Hg) were determined in 60 Baikal seals and in fishes collected from Lake Baikal in 1992. Low levels of Hg and Cd were found in Baikal seals in comparison with those of marine mammals and it was due to their low concentrations in dietary fish. These results suggest that pollution by Hg and Cd was low in Lake Baikal and these toxic elements were unlikely to be the causative factors for mass mortality of Baikal seal in 1987-1988. Significant correlation of Hg concentration between hair and internal tissues suggested the use of hair for Hg monitoring in pinnipeds. Among essential elements, higher Fe and lower Cu levels were specifically found in the liver of Baikal seal. The noticeable accumulation of essential elements might be related to the unique and specific environment of Lake Baikal. 相似文献
194.
A. Watanabe A. Ohara N. Tajima S. Yoneki Y. Hosoya 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2003,5(1):0039-0048
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a type of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), are considered to be endocrine disrupters.
According to the Stockholm Convention on POPs, PCB detoxification is being accelerated globally. We have developed an environmentally
sound chemical PCB detoxification plant using the ultraviolet ray/catalyst method. The purpose of this paper is to check the
design methodology for the PCB detoxification plant by the application of probabilistic safety analysis. First, possible hazardous
events were determined; second, the weakest points in these hazardous events were established; and third, the impact when
failures arise at the weak points in the system were studied. We clarified the preventive measures as follows. To prevent
PCBs leaking into the environment, select leak-tight valves for the piping containing PCBs, and reduce the number of valves.
To prevent fire or explosions due to leaks of an inflammable mixture, select leak-tight valves, reduce the number of valves
installed in the piping, and improve the reliability of the suppression tank in the isopropyl alcohol (IPA) recovery unit.
Received: February 27, 2001 / Accepted: June 17, 2002 相似文献
195.
196.
Genetic population structures along the Japanese coast, analyzed by sequence data from the mitochondrial DNA COI region, were
determined for four intertidal brachyuran species in the superfamily Thoracotremata (Ocypode ceratophthalma, Gaetice depressus, Chiromantes dehaani and Deiratonotus japonicus), which were characterized by different habitat requirements. O. ceratophthalma (seashore; supratidal sand) and C. dehaani (estuarine; supratidal marsh) showed no significant genetic differentiation among Japanese populations. The Japanese populations
of O. ceratophthalma, however, were found to genetically differentiated from the Philippine population. G. depressus (seashore; intertidal cobbles) exhibited significant genetic differentiation between the Amami-Ohshima population and other
local populations. D. japonicus (estuarine; intertidal cobbles) showed significant genetic differentiation among many local populations separated by about
30–1,200 km. The different patterns of genetic population structure recorded for the four species, thus, do not simply correspond
to habitat type.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
197.
Yohei Nakamura Takuro Shibuno David Lecchini Tomohiko Kawamura Yoshiro Watanabe 《Marine Biology》2009,156(11):2413-2419
Successful settlement of pelagic fish larvae into benthic juvenile habitats may be enhanced by a shortened settlement period,
since it limits larval exposure to predation in the new habitat. Because the spatial distribution of marine fish larvae immediately
prior to settlement versus during settlement was unknown, field experiments were conducted at Ishigaki Island (Japan) using
light trap sampling and underwater visual belt transect surveys to investigate the spatial distribution patterns of selected
pre- and post-settlement fishes (Acanthuridae, Pomacentridae, Chaetodonidae and Lethrinidae) among four habitats (seagrass
bed, coral rubble, branching coral and tabular coral). The results highlighted two patterns: patterns 1, pre- and post-settlement
individuals showing a ubiquitous distribution among the four habitats (Acanthuridae) and pattern 2, pre-settlement individuals
distributed in all habitats, but post-settlement individuals restricted to coral (most species of Pomacentridae and Chaetodontidae)
or seagrass habitats (Lethrinidae). The first pattern minimizes the transition time between the larval pelagic stage and acquisition
of a benthic reef habitat, the latter leading immediately to a juvenile lifestyle. In contrast, the second pattern is characterized
by high settlement habitat selectivity by larvae and/or differential mortality immediately after settlement. 相似文献
198.
This study investigates institutional factors affecting the performance of genuine savings (GS), which are often used in assessing sustainable development, and adopts a model of autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity in mean. We pay particular attention to the contribution of institutions to decrease the volatility level of the GS path. The estimation results show that there are two ways in which institutions affect GS performance. First, high quality of institutions enhances the GS level directly. Second, high quality of institutions enhances the GS level via stabilizing the volatility of the GS path. Considering both effects in their totality, institutional improvement plays an important role in realizing a sustainable development path. 相似文献
199.
The present paper reports how stand size-structure dynamics due to competition between different-sized trees affect long-term forested water balance in Japanese cool-temperate planted stands (evergreen coniferous Cryptomeria japonica and deciduous coniferous Larix kaempferi stands) using a fully coupled multi-layered meteorological surface physics—terrestrial ecosystems model. The simulation captured the well-known annual variation in leaf area index (LAI) accurately with stand age in monocultured and even-aged stands; the occurrence of maximum LAI during the early growth stage and then a gradual decline followed by a steady state after the maximum LAI. The simulations also detected a high dependency of annual evapotranspiration (AETr) on LAI with stand age that is well known by prior observational researches. In the C. japonica (shade-tolerant late-successional species) stand, the relationship between annual net primary productivity of an individual tree (NPPind) and individual tree mass (w) changed from linear to a convex curve during self-thinning, indicating that the degree of asymmetric tree competition intensified with forest stand development. The higher degree of competitive asymmetry characterized by the convex-shaped NPPind-w relationship produced greater size inequality, i.e., the formation of trees stratified by height. Under such conditions, AETr and annual transpiration (ATr) were mainly regulated by larger trees. On the other hand, the NPPind-w relationships in the L. kaempferi (shade-intolerant early-successional species) stand were linear throughout the simulated period, indicating the lower degree of competitive asymmetry. Under such conditions, the growth of intermediate-sized trees was enhanced and these trees became a dominant source of AETr (and also ATr) during self-thinning. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis of the effects of ecophysiological parameters such as foliage profile (i.e., vertical distribution of leaf area density) of an individual tree (distribution pattern is described by the parameter η), the maximum carboxylation velocity (Vcmax0) and biomass allocation pattern of individual plant growth (μ1) on AETr, ATr and annual runoff (ARoff) showed that the temporal trends of AETr, ATr, ARoff and NPPind-w relationships were completely the same as those in the control simulations. However, the NPPind-w relationship during self-thinning indicated higher degrees of competitive asymmetry when η or Vcmax0 were greater than those in the control simulation and generated greater AETr and ATr and thus smaller ARoff. We found that more asymmetric tree competition brings about greater size inequality between different-sized trees and thus more evapotranspiration and less runoff in a forest stand. Overall, our simulation approach revealed that not only LAI dynamics but also plant competition, and thus size-structure dynamics, in a forest ecosystem are essential to long-term future projections of forested water balance. 相似文献
200.
Tomonari Akamatsu Kiyomi Nakamura Ryo Kawabe Seishiro Furukawa Hiromi Murata Akihiro Kawakubo Masayuki Komaba 《Marine Biology》2010,157(8):1879-1887
A number of local populations of finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) are widely distributed throughout the warm coastal waters of Asia. The Omura Bay population, consisting of approximately
300 individuals, is the smallest of five populations inhabiting Japanese waters. It is a relatively new population that established
after the global warming that took place approximately 9000 years ago. To observe whether these porpoises appear in the major
corridor to the ocean from Omura Bay, we used acoustic monitoring to record occurrences of finless porpoises from November
2007 to May 2009. A stereo acoustic event recorder recorded the intensity and the sound source direction of biosonar signals,
providing independent traces of sound sources corresponding to each detected animal. A total of 226 individuals were detected
over the 1.5-year monitoring period, of which 76% occurred at night and 73% occurred during March and April. We compared the
presence of porpoises to the Japanese anchovy catch in Omura Bay and the Hario Strait over the same period. Results suggested
that possible reductions in anchovy resources in the bay could attract porpoises to the outside of their normal habitat. In
total, 70% of the porpoise recordings took place when the tidal current was moving out of Omura Bay. Porpoises might follow
the prey that are transported out of the bay due to the strong outbound current. The finless porpoises confined to the bay
might extend their swimming area if prey is available. 相似文献